In this article, we’ll take a closer look at function calls in general, specifically internal function calls in Solidity. It’s part of our long-standing tradition to make this (and other) articles a faithful companion and a supplement of the official Solidity documentation. You can watch my explainer video on the topic here—I’ll talk about function … Read more
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at control structures in Solidity. It’s part of our long-standing tradition to make this (and other) articles a faithful companion, or a supplement to the official Solidity documentation. You can watch our explainer video here: So far, we’ve been observing various areas of Solidity, with units and … Read more
In this post, we will explore simple methods to convert NumPy arrays to lists. For example, we can utilize the Python function list() or the NumPy array method tolist(). Both ways are similar, but there are some differences to consider to choose the right one for each application. Python Function list() The function list() accepts … Read more
💬 Question: What is the difference between Python’s is and == operators? Answer The Python “==” operator compares equality of values whereas the Python “is” operator compares identity of objects, i.e., do the two operands point to the same object in memory. For example, the expression [1, 2, 3] == [1, 2, 3] returns True … Read more
In this article, we will use PyTorch to build a working neural network. Specifically, this network will be trained to recognize handwritten numerical digits using the famous MNIST dataset. The code in this article borrows heavily from the PyTorch tutorial “Learn the Basics”. We do this for several reasons. Knowledge Background This article assumes the … Read more
Problem Formulation 💬 Question: How to create a string of hex digits from a list of integers (0–255) so that each hex digit consists of two digits such as “00”, “01”, …, “fe”, “ff”? Here’s an example input/output pair: In: [0, 1, 2, 3, 255, 254, 253] Out: ‘00010203fffefd’ Method 1: Bytearray The easiest way … Read more
Summary: You can split a string by length by slicing the string into chunks of equal lengths. The indices to slice the string can be deduced using a list comprehension. Minimal Example: Problem Formulation 📜Problem: Given a string, how will you split the string by length? Here’s a related question asked in stack overflow that … Read more
Problem Formulation and Solution Overview This article will show you how to copy a Dictionary in Python 7 different ways. To make it more interesting, we have the following running scenario: Mr. Smith, a High School Math Teacher, has developed an exciting way to grade multiple-choice exams. He has designed a Dictionary with the exam … Read more
This tutorial explains the Python decode() method with arguments and examples. Before we dive into the Python decode() method, let’s first build some background knowledge about encoding and decoding so you can better understand its purpose. 👇 Encoding and Decoding – What Does It Mean? Programs must handle various characters in several languages. Application developers … Read more
Continuing on the previous article concerning address member types and type information, we’ll learn about It’s part of our long-standing tradition to make this (and other) articles a faithful companion, or a supplement to the official Solidity documentation. Members of bytes and string Two practical member functions are available for concatenating a variable number of … Read more
Continuing on the previous article concerning units and globally available variables, we’ll learn about members of address types and type information. It’s part of our long-standing tradition to make this (and other) articles a faithful companion, or a supplement to the official Solidity documentation. ▶️ Play: Feel free to watch our article explainer video while … Read more
💬 Question: How to use Python’s string formatting capabilities — f-strings, percentage operator, format(), string.format() — to convert an integer to a hexadecimal string? Lowercase Solution without ‘0x’ Prefix You can convert an integer my_int to a simple lowercase hex string without ‘0x’ prefix by using any of the four string formatting variants—all based on … Read more