ChrisPython’s built-in frozenset() function creates and returns a new frozenset object. A frozenset is an immutable set—so you cannot change the frozenset after creation and set methods such as add() or remove() don’t work on the frozenset. Without an argument, frozenset() returns an empty frozenset. With the optional argument, frozenset(iter) initializes the new frozenset with … Read more
Problem Formulation: Given an integer number. How to convert the integer to a string representation for printing or other use that has thousand separators? Example: Given an integer number 1000000. You want the string representation ‘1,000,000’. Method 1: f-Strings Using the modern f-strings is, in my opinion, the most Pythonic solution to add commas as … Read more
“Readers are leaders.” Many Finxters seek mentorship—and write in asking me for book recommendations. I read about one business or programming book per week and this simple habit has completely transformed my life. In this article, I’ve compiled my top list of business and programming books—ordered by how great I think the book is. All … Read more
Problem Formulation: Given a file yourPackage.whl that resides in the folder C:\your\folder\. How to install it on your Windows machine? Background .whl Files A .whl file (read: wheel file) is a zip archive that contains all the files necessary to run a Python application. What is a wheel? It’s a built-package format for Python, i.e., … Read more
Python’s built-in set() function creates and returns a new set object. A set is an unordered collection of unique elements. Without an argument, set() returns an empty set. With the optional argument, set(iter) initializes the new set with the elements in the iterable. Read more about sets in our full tutorial about Python Sets. Usage … Read more
Numpy is a popular Python library for data science focusing on arrays, vectors, and matrices. Problem Formulation: Given a one-dimensional NumPy array arr. How to access the i-th value in the array? How to access all values between the i-th value (included) and the j-th value (excluded) from the array? How to access all values … Read more
The web is filled with shitty tutorials about Python’s formatting feature. At times, it can become really confusing—and it’s hard to see the forest for the trees. In this tutorial, I’ll try to gradually build a basic understanding of the built-in format() function, what it does, and how you can use it to become a … Read more
Python’s built-in float(value) function converts the argument value to a float number. For example, float(’42’) converts the string value ’42’ into the float number 42.0. Argument value A Python object to be converted into a float number. The value object must have an __float__() method that returns the associated float number—otherwise a ValueError will be … Read more
Python’s built-in int(value) function converts the argument value to an integer number. For example, int(’42’) converts the string value ’42’ into the integer number 42. The int() function on a float argument rounds down to the closest integer. Argument value A Python object to be converted into an integer number. The value object must have … Read more
Problem Formulation: How to send and receive UDP multicast messages in Python? Background: Multicast is a distributed systems concept for group communication over a network (one-to-many or many-to-many). The choice of the network “transport layer” which the Multicast uses determines its type—for example, IP Multicast is sending a multicast over the IP layer and UDP … Read more
Problem Formulation: How to send and receive UDP messages in Python? Background: The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) network layer allows you to send messages without providing deliverability guarantees. UDP is unreliable—massages may be lost or delivered out of order. But this makes UDP also fast, lightweight, and the protocol of choice for many streaming scenarios … Read more
Problem Formulation Given string s, and character c. How to remove all characters in s after the first occurrence of c? Example Given: – string s = ‘hello world’, and – empty space character c = ‘ ‘. Desired result: ‘hello’ Method 1: string.index() + slicing To remove everything after the first occurrence of character … Read more