ChrisTo open a URL in your standard browser (Win, macOS, Linux) from your Python script, e.g., call webbrowser.open(‘https://google.com’) to open Google. Don’t forget to run import webbrowser first. But you don’t have to install the module because it’s already in Python’s standard library. Example Here’s an example Python script that opens the URL ‘https://finxter.com’: A … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a hex string, i.e., a string of hexadecimal digits like so: 01ffa87135affcd45deebe You want to convert a batch of k hex digits to an integer. For example with k=2, you obtain the following batches of two hex digits each: 01 ff a8 71 35 af fc d4 5d ee be Now, convert … Read more
What Is Big/Little Endian? Computers perform computations on data that is represented with bytes, i.e., sequences of 0s and 1s. A computer program manipulates data by loading data from memory (RAM, Cache, Disk, SSD), performing computations based on that data, and storing the resulting data back into the memory. A computer program loads and stores … Read more
Question 💬 How to convert a hexadecimal string to a decimal integer value in Python? Answer Summary To convert a hex string to a decimal integer value, pass the hex string into the int() function with base argument such as int(‘0xfff’, base=16), or eval() function such as eval(‘0xfff’). The result is a decimal integer value … Read more
💬 Question: How to convert a given hex string such as ‘0xF’ to a binary number such as ‘0b1111′? There are multiple variants of this problem depending on how you want the conversion and from which type to which type. In this article, we’ll go over the different methods from simple to more sophisticated. Let’s … Read more
💬 Question: Given a hexadecimal string such as ‘0xf’ in Python. How to convert it to a hexadecimal number in Python so that you can perform arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction? The hexadecimal string representation with the ‘0x’ prefix indicates that the digits of the numbers do have a hexadecimal base 16. In … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a string in hexadecimal form: How to convert the hex string to a bytes object in Python? Here are a few examples: Hex String Bytes Object ’01’ b’\x01′ ’04’ b’\x04′ ’08’ b’\x08′ ’01 0a’ b’\x01\n’ ’01 02 0e 0f 0f’ b’\x01\x02\x0e\x0f\x0f’ ‘0f 0f’ b’\x0f\x0f’ Hex String to Bytes using bytes.fromhex(hex_string) To convert … Read more
Before we dive into named groups, let’s quickly recap normal capture groups in Python. If you already know normal “unnamed capturing groups” well, feel free to skip the first section and move right away to the next one about named capture groups in Python. 👇 What Are Python Regex Groups? A normal Python regex group … Read more
Problem Formulation 💬 Question: How do you write a function that returns a real Python error instead of an “error code” such as -1 or None in case something got wrong? For example, you may want to check the function input arguments for having the correct type or length (in the case of iterable arguments) … Read more
💬 Question: How can I return a Matplotlib axis, plot, or figure object in Python so I can set some defaults and plot a figure quickly based on those defaults? Basic Solution To return a Matplotlib object from a function, follow these steps: 👇 Create a function my_plot(x, y, …) with arguments to customize your … Read more
This quick tutorial will show you how to return a value from a nested function. I assume you have your reasons for doing so. However, a word of warning: ⚡ Attention: The main reason you want to create “nested functions”, i.e., inner and outer functions in Python, is to use them for closures and decorators. … Read more
Do you need to create a function that returns an integer value but you don’t know how? No worries, in sixty seconds, you’ll know! Go! 🔥🔥🔥 A Python function can return any object. To return an integer, use the built-in int() function. Or create your own function with an arbitrary expression within the function body … Read more