With this article, we’re opening a new area of our study, that of units and globally available variables in Solidity. To begin with, we’ll learn about ether units and time units. After that, we’ll start with a block of subsections on special variables and functions, stretching through this and the next two articles. It’s part … Read more
In this article, we’ll entertain ourselves with conversions between elementary types in Solidity. We’ll mention implicit and explicit conversions, as well as conversions between literals. It’s part of our long-standing tradition to make this (and other) articles a faithful companion, or a supplement to the official Solidity documentation, for this article’s topic. Implicit Conversions The … Read more
💬 Question: How to convert an integer to a hex string in Python? This short tutorial will show you four ways to accomplish this easily and effectively. Let’s dive into the first one right away! 👇 Method 1: hex() The easiest way to convert a decimal integer number x to a hexadecimal string is to … Read more
Now that we’ve covered Thonny and MicroPython, it’s time to get to know the components in your basic Raspberry Pi Pico kit. 🤖 Note: There is more than one kit out there, but it is this author’s opinion that the best value for beginners is the one from UCTRONICS. Most of them have similar components, … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a string in hexadecimal form: How to convert the hex string to a bytearray object in Python? Here are a few examples: Hex String Bytearray Object ’01’ bytearray(b’\x01′) ’04’ bytearray(b’\x04′) ’08’ bytearray(b’\x08′) ’01 0a’ bytearray(b’\x01\n’) ’01 02 0e 0f 0f’ bytearray(b’\x01\x02\x0e\x0f\x0f’) ‘0f 0f’ bytearray(b’\x0f\x0f’) Hex String to Bytearray using bytearray.fromhex(hex_string) To convert … Read more
This article shows you how to execute Python commands in the Shell. ℹ️ The Shell is known as a command-line interface because it interacts with the Operating System. In Windows, it is referred to as the Command Prompt. In Linux, the Terminal. Let’s start learning how to use the Shell! Access the Shell This section … Read more
Quick answer: 👇 Use the f-string expression f’0x{val:X}’ to convert an integer val to a hexadecimal string using uppercase hex letters as set by the capitalized hex format specifier X. Optionally, you can add the prefix ‘0x’ in front of this. Example: 💡 Note: This is Method 3 of this tutorial, and it is presented … Read more
Problem Formulation and Solution Overview This article will show you various ways to work with an XML file. ℹ️ XML is an acronym for Extensible Markup Language. This file type is similar to HTML. However, XML does not have pre-defined tags like HTML. Instead, a coder can define their own tags to meet specific requirements. … Read more
Problem Formulation and Solution Overview During your career as a Pythonista, you will encounter situations where a Python script will need to be executed on a scheduled basis, such as daily, weekly, or monthly. This article shows you how to accomplish this task using a .bat (batch) file. 💬 Question: How would we write code … Read more
Summary: The most efficient way to split a string using multiple characters is to use Python’s regex library as re.split(“pattern”, “given_string”). An alternate solution is to replace the delimiters in the given string with a whitespace character and then split the string. Minimal Example: Problem Formulation 📜Problem: Given a string. How will you split the … Read more
Summary: Use ‘given_string’.splitlines(True) to split the string and also keep the new line character. Minimal Example: Problem Formulation 📜Problem: Given a string. How will you split the string into a list of substrings and keep the new line character intact? Example: Let’s have a look at a test case to understand the given problem. Without … Read more
Understanding Python’s setattr() and getattr() Functions Next, you’ll learn about the “normal”, non-nested and non-recursive get and set attribute functions. If you already know them well, there’s no need to read this section and you can skip ahead right to the problem formulation and solution. Let’s start with the setattr() function, followed by getattr(). setattr() … Read more