You may have read about the ‘V’s in Big Data: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value, Volatility. Variance is yet another important ‘V’ (it measures Volatility of a data set). In practice, variance is an important measure with important application domains in financial services, weather forecasting, and image processing. Variance measures how much the data spreads …

[Tutorial] How to Get the Row with Minimal Variance in One Line of Python Code Read More »

The popular K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm is used for regression and classification in many applications such as recommender systems, image classification, and financial data forecasting. It is the basis of many advanced machine learning techniques (e.g. in information retrieval). There is no doubt that understanding KNN is an important building block of your proficient computer science …

K-Nearest Neighbors as a Python One-Liner Read More »

If there is one clustering algorithm you need to know – whether you are a computer scientist, data scientist, or machine learning expert – it’s the k-Means algorithm. In this section, you’ll learn the general idea and when and how to use it in a single line of Python code. You may know about supervised …

[Tutorial] How to Run K-Means Clustering in 1 Line of Python? Read More »

This article explains how to calculate basic statistics (average, standard deviation, and variance) along an axis. We use the NumPy library for linear algebra computations. These three ways are very similar — if you understand one of them, you’ll understand all of them. Graphical Explanation Here’s what you want to achieve: Extracting basic statistics from …

[NumPy] How to Calculate Basic Statistics Along an Axis? (avg, var, std) Read More »

Want to count how often a substring occurs in a string? Or how many lines a mult-line string has? Use the count method on any string object! You can use a single argument (the substring to be counted), and two optional arguments start and end to indicate the first or the last index of the …

Python String Count [A Short Tutorial] Read More »

Method overloading: allowing different parameters for calling the same method Method overriding: overwriting the functionality of a method defined in a parent class. Here is an example for Method overloading: What’s the output of this code? The class Wizard defines an instance attribute ‘mana’ that represents the energy level of the respective Wizard instance. If …

Method Overriding vs Overloading in Python [+Video] Read More »

You have the eyes of your mother. One could say, you “inherited” the eyes of your mother. As you may have guessed, this article is about inheritance in Python. Inheritance is one of the main motivators of using object orientation. It’s a simple and intuitive concept but even advanced coders circumvent using inheritance because they …

Inheritance in Python + Harry Potter Example Read More »

The single underscore in Python “_” is used to either make a variable different from a Python keyword (e.g. “float_=8”), or to indicate that it should be used in a private context (e.g. “_var=8”). The double underscore “__” (called “dunder“) is used to make an instance attribute or method private (cannot be accessed from outside …

The Single and Double Underscore in Python [“_” vs “__”] Read More »

Today, you are going to learn about the terminology of “attributes” because you need to understand the term and the concepts behind the term to be able to master more advanced stuff. There are two types of attributes: class attributes and instance attributes. Class attributes are variables that are defined for the class itself. Instance …

Class and Instance Attributes in Python — Every Coder Must Know the Difference! [+Video Guide] Read More »

In Python, everything is an object. Even integer values are objects — this is different from programming languages like Java where integers, floats, and booleans are primitive data types. In this way, Python is built on a rigorously consistent object-oriented paradigm. For an ultra-short Python object orientation tutorial, check out the following Instagram post (swipe …

A Simple Example for Python Objects and Classes [+Video] Read More »