The function calls exit(0) and exit(1) are used to reveal the status of the termination of a Python program. The call exit(0) indicates successful execution of a program whereas exit(1) indicates some issue/error occurred while executing a program. What is the Exit Code? Let’s have a look at some examples to get a clear picture … Read more
Today, when trying to get some information about specific pip packages, I wanted to use the pip search command in my local computer’s PowerShell. pip search Here’s the syntax: py -m pip search [options] <query> The semantics of pip search is to find PyPI packages that contain the <query> in their package name. Error Message … Read more
In this tutorial, we will see what the Pandas groupby() method is and how we can use it on our datasets. Described in one sentence, the groupby() method is used to group our data and execute a function on the determined groups. It is especially useful to group a large amount of data and to … Read more
Problem Formulation What’s the difference between the built-in dir() function and __dir__ dunder method in Python? Quick Answer Python’s built-in function dir(object) returns a list of the object’s attribute names and method names. The dir() function is a wrapper around the __dir__() method because it internally calls the object’s dunder method object.__dir__(). But the two … Read more
Learn how to solve the climbing staircase problem in this article:
(i) Recursively
(ii) Iteratively
Problem Formulation Given a Python loop and a logical condition. How to restart the loop if the condition is met? Solution 1: Reset While Loop The while loop checks a condition in order to determine whether the loop body should be executed or not. You can reset the condition to the initial value in order … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a string representation of a dictionary. How to convert it to a dictionary? Input: ‘{“1”: “hi”, “2”: “alice”, “3”: “python”}’ Output: {‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2, ‘c’: 3} Method 1: eval() The built-in eval() function takes a string argument, parses it as if it was a code expression, and evaluates the expression. If … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a Unicode string representation of a dictionary. How to convert it to a dictionary? Input: u”{‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2, ‘c’: 3}” Output: {‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2, ‘c’: 3} Note: The u’string’ representation represents a Unicode string that was introduced in Python 3. This is redundant as all strings in Python 3 are … Read more
[toc] Generally, logging is an extremely valuable tool in a software developer’s toolbox. Logging helps to assist you with the flow of a program and find situations that you probably would not have considered while coding. By logging useful data and information, you can troubleshoot the errors effectively as well as utilize the information to … Read more
When searching for a list of dunder methods, I only found a couple of resources all over the web—each covering only a fraction of dunder methods. So, here’s my collection of 127 dunder methods (also called “magic methods”) from those sources, sorted alphabetically: __abs__ __add__ __aenter__ __aexit__ __aiter__ __and__ __anext__ __await__ __bool__ __bytes__ __call__ __ceil__ … Read more
The Python language does not generally provide backward compatibility. The ability to break inefficiencies and fix wrong design choices are major reasons why Python has remained lean and efficient over the last decades. However, the PEP 387 standard discusses that incompatibility issues should be well thought out. Here’s the basic policy when backward incompatibilities may … Read more
A simple swap function in Python is generally considered a function that takes two initialized variables, a = val_a and b = val_b, and returns a result of a = val_b and b = val_a. The function accepts variables of arbitrary types, or more precisely, variables that are assigned with objects of arbitrary types. Although … Read more