What is a Hypergraph?

First, let’s have a look at an image—hopefully telling us more than a thousand words: Okay, let’s go back to square one—before you understand hypergraphs, we first need to understand graphs. What Are Graphs? You most likely know graphs. The web graph consists of websites connected via hyperlinks. The websites are graph vertices and the … Read more

Python filter()

Python’s built-in filter() function is used to filter out elements that pass a filtering condition. It takes two arguments: function and iterable. The function assigns a Boolean value to each element in the iterable to check whether the element will pass the filter or not. It returns an iterator with the elements that pass the … Read more

How to Fix “TypeError: len() of unsized object”

Problem Formulation: How to fix the TypeError: len() of unsized object? TypeError: len() of unsized object There are many possible ways why this array may occur. One common pitfall is to use the len() function on a NumPy array with only one value. Example: Let’s consider the minimal example that creates this error message! Reason … Read more

How to Install a Library on PyCharm?

Problem Formulation: Given a PyCharm project. How to install a library in your project within a virtual environment or globally? Solution that (almost) always works: Here’s the installation process as a short animated video: How to Install a Library on PyCharm? In some PyCharm versions, the installation steps will be slightly different. If this is … Read more

How to Install Pandas on PyCharm?

Problem Formulation: Given a PyCharm project. How to install the pandas library in your project within a virtual environment or globally? Solution that always works: Open File > Settings > Project from the PyCharm menu. Select your current project. Click the Python Interpreter tab within your project tab. Click the small + symbol to add … Read more

TensorFlow — A Helpful Illustrated Guide

Machine Learning (ML) is a sought-after skill in today’s automated world. Google is one of the key players in the Machine Learning space. With the growing scale and popularity of deep learning, the limitations of a single machine become more and more pronounced. Motivation Training a model on a single computer can take a long … Read more

Python len()

Python’s built-in function len() returns the length of the given string, array, list, tuple, dictionary, or any other iterable. The type of the return value is an integer that represents the number of elements in this iterable. Usage Learn by example! Here are some examples on how to use the len() built-in function. The examples … Read more

MapReduce — A Helpful Illustrated Guide

MapReduce is the name of both (i) a distributed processing programming model provided by the Apache Foundation, and (ii) a functional processing technique. It consists of two steps: the map() function and the reduce() function. Map() converts each element in a data set into a modified element. Reduce() takes subsets of modified elements and aggregates … Read more

The Remote Freelancing Boom [Statistics & Report]

You can download the slides of the Finxter Remote Freelancing Report here as a high-resolution PDF: Study Findings Observation 1: Paradigm shift towards remote + freelancing Observation 2: Efficiency gains through remote work  Observation 3: Efficiency gains through freelancing žThesis: mega productivity surge ahead in the next decade  Observation 1: The Paradigm Shift Towards Remote … Read more