💬 Question: How to convert a hexadecimal string such as 02af01ff00 to a normal string using the Base64 format in Python? 👉 Short answer: Use the following fancy one-liner expression to convert the hex string s to a Base64-encoded Python string: base64.b64encode(bytes.fromhex(s)).decode(). For the long answer, keep reading! 🥸 If you’re like me, you may … Read more
Problem Formulation and Solution Overview This article shows how to generate a formatted PDF file from a CSV file using the ReportLab and Pandas libraries in conjunction with slicing. ℹ️ Python offers numerous ways to generate a PDF file. One option is to use the ReportLab library. The article selected the path that used the … Read more
Hex String as Binary Data To convert a hex string such as ‘FF0001AF’ to binary data, use the binascii.unhexlify(hex_str) function that returns the binary data represented by the hexadecimal string. Note that this converts two hex string digits to one byte, i.e., hex string ‘F0’ is converted to the byte representation 11110000, or in binary … Read more
💬 Question: Given a Python list of hexadecimal strings such as [‘ff’, ‘ef’, ‘0f’, ‘0a’, ’93’]. How to convert it to a list of integers in Python such as [255, 239, 15, 10, 147]? Easiest Answer The easiest way to convert a list of hex strings to a list of integers in Python is the … Read more
What Is Big/Little Endian? Computers perform computations on data that is represented with bytes, i.e., sequences of 0s and 1s. A computer program manipulates data by loading data from memory (RAM, Cache, Disk, SSD), performing computations based on that data, and storing the resulting data back into the memory. A computer program loads and stores … Read more
💬 Question: How to convert a hexadecimal string such as “00-ff-ef-01-0f-0a-1a” to a NumPy array of integers [ 0 255 239 1 15 10 26]? Method 1: Hex String to List to NumPy Array You can solve this problem easily by breaking it into two easier ones: Here’s the code: Method 2: Use NumPy fromiter() … Read more
In this post, we will explore simple methods to convert NumPy arrays to lists. For example, we can utilize the Python function list() or the NumPy array method tolist(). Both ways are similar, but there are some differences to consider to choose the right one for each application. Python Function list() The function list() accepts … Read more
Problem Formulation 💬 Question: How to create a string of hex digits from a list of integers (0–255) so that each hex digit consists of two digits such as “00”, “01”, …, “fe”, “ff”? Here’s an example input/output pair: In: [0, 1, 2, 3, 255, 254, 253] Out: ‘00010203fffefd’ Method 1: Bytearray The easiest way … Read more
💬 Question: How to use Python’s string formatting capabilities — f-strings, percentage operator, format(), string.format() — to convert an integer to a hexadecimal string? Lowercase Solution without ‘0x’ Prefix You can convert an integer my_int to a simple lowercase hex string without ‘0x’ prefix by using any of the four string formatting variants—all based on … Read more
💬 Question: How to convert an integer to a hex string in Python? This short tutorial will show you four ways to accomplish this easily and effectively. Let’s dive into the first one right away! 👇 Method 1: hex() The easiest way to convert a decimal integer number x to a hexadecimal string is to … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a string in hexadecimal form: How to convert the hex string to a bytearray object in Python? Here are a few examples: Hex String Bytearray Object ’01’ bytearray(b’\x01′) ’04’ bytearray(b’\x04′) ’08’ bytearray(b’\x08′) ’01 0a’ bytearray(b’\x01\n’) ’01 02 0e 0f 0f’ bytearray(b’\x01\x02\x0e\x0f\x0f’) ‘0f 0f’ bytearray(b’\x0f\x0f’) Hex String to Bytearray using bytearray.fromhex(hex_string) To convert … Read more
Quick answer: 👇 Use the f-string expression f’0x{val:X}’ to convert an integer val to a hexadecimal string using uppercase hex letters as set by the capitalized hex format specifier X. Optionally, you can add the prefix ‘0x’ in front of this. Example: 💡 Note: This is Method 3 of this tutorial, and it is presented … Read more