Attention: The main reason you want to create “nested functions”, i.e., inner and outer functions in Python, is to use them for closures and decorators.

This tutorial, however, is not on closures or decorators. If you want to learn more about them, feel free to check out the following tutorial:

Recommended Tutorial: Python Decorators Made Simple

With that out of the way, let’s get started!

Question: How to Return a Value From a Nested Function, i.e., how to use and call them in practice?

Quick Answer

If you call an inner function from inside the outer function, you can return a value from the inner function using the return value expression. You can call the inner function just like you would call any outer function.

Here’s an example where you return a Boolean value from an inner function check(x) that is then used in the outer function f(x) to do some dummy computations:

def f(x):

    def check(x):
        if x == 42:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    if check(x):
        print('Yay!')
        return
    else:
        for i in range(x):
            if check(i):
                print('Yay!')
                return
    print('Nay!')


f(43)
# Yay!

AttributeError: ‘function’ object has no attribute ‘…’

However, if you try to call the inner function from the outside (e.g., like so outer.inner()), you get an AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'inner'.

Here’s an example using the definitions from the previous code snippet:

f.check(1)
# AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'check'

To fix this error, the best thing would be to fix it on a conceptual basis: use a class with methods that you can call from the outside. If you cannot do this for some reason, you can assign a lambda function such as outer.inner = lambda x: 2*x.

Now, you can call the inner function using outer.inner().

Here’s an example fix:

def outer():
    pass

outer.inner = lambda x: 2*x

print(outer.inner(21))
# 42

Recommended Tutorial: Introduction to Python Classes

The post Python Return From Nested Function appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

There are three cases of what a function can return:

• Case 1: The function has a return statement that returns an explicit value.
• Case 2: The function has a return statement that returns explicitly nothing. It returns None.
• Case 3: The function does not have a return statement. The function in that case implicitly returns None.

Let’s have an example of all three cases next!

Case 1: The function has a return statement that returns an explicit value.

def f1():
    return 42

print(f1())
# 42

Case 2: The function has a return statement that returns explicitly nothing. It returns None.

def f2():
    return

print(f2())
# None

Case 3: The function does not have a return statement. The function in that case implicitly returns None.

def f3():
    pass

print(f3())
# None

Feel free to check out our Python cheat sheets to learn about all the Python basics and keywords and tricks:

The post Python Function Return None Without Return Statement appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

This article will show you how to apply a function to a List in Python.

To make it more interesting, we have the following running scenario:

As a Python assignment, you have been given a List of Integers and asked to apply a function to each List element in various ways.

Question: How would we write code to apply a function to a List in Python?

We can accomplish this task by one of the following options:

• Method 1: Use a Generator Expression
• Method 2: Use List Comprehension
• Method 3: Use a lambda, map() and List
• Method 4: Use a for Loop
• Bonus: Calculate Commissions on each List Element

Preparation

These examples use functions from the math library.

Add the following code to the top of each script. This snippet will allow the code in this article to run error-free.

import math

Method 1: Use a Generator Expression

This example uses a Generator Expression. This expression performs any operations in memory first and returns an iterable object. An efficient option as upon completion, memory is cleared, and variables erased.

nums = [18, 43, 54, 65, 31, 21, 27]
nums = (math.pow(num,2) for num in nums)
print(nums)

The above code declares a List of Integers and saves it to the variable nums.

Next, a Generator Expression is called and applies the math.pow() function from Python’s built-in math library to each list element. The results save back to nums.

If output to the terminal at this point, an iterable Generator Object similar to the following displays.

To turn the Generator Object into a List, run the following code.

print(list(nums))

The content of nums is as follows.

Note: The math.pow() function accepts two (2) integers as arguments: x (the value) and y (the power), and returns the value of x raised to the power of y.

Method 2: Use List Comprehension

This example uses List Comprehension to perform an operation on each List element.

nums = [18, 43, 54, 65, 31, 21, 27]
nums = [math.sqrt(num) for num in nums]
print(nums)

The above code declares a List of Integers and saves it to the variable nums.

Next, List Comprehension is called and applies the math.sqrt() function from Python’s built-in math library to each List element. The results save back to nums.

If output to the terminal, the following displays.

Note: The math.sqrt() function accepts an integer as an argument and returns the square root of said argument.

Method 3: Use a Lambda and map()

This example uses Python’s lambda function combined with map() and List to apply a mathematical operation to each List element.

nums = [18, 43, 54, 65, 31, 21, 27]
nums = list(map(lambda x: math.degrees(x), nums))
print(nums)

The above code declares a List of numbers and saves it to the variable nums.

Next, List is called and passed an argument map(), which in turn passes the lambda function to apply the math.degrees() function from Python’s built-in math library to each List element. The result returns to nums.

If output to the terminal, the following displays.

Note: The math.degrees() function accepts an angle as an argument, converts this argument from radians to degrees and returns the result.

Method 4: Use a For Loop

This example uses a for Loop to apply a mathematical operation to each List element.

nums = [18, 43, 54, 65, 31, 21, 27]
i = 0

while i < len(nums):
    nums[i] = round(math.sqrt(nums[i]), 2)
    i += 1

print(nums)

The above code declares a List of Integers and saves it to the variable nums. Then, a counter variable, i is declared, set to 0.

Next, a while loop is instantiated and iterates through each List element, applying the math.sqrt() function, and limiting the decimal places to two (2). The results save back to the appropriate element in nums.

Upon completion of the iteration, the output is sent to the terminal.

Bonus: Calculate Commissions on each List Element

This bonus code extracts two (2) columns from a real-estate.csv file, the street and price columns and converts each into a List.

Then, the street column is converted from UPPERCASE uppercase() to Title Case by applying the title() function. Next, Sales Commissions are calculated and applied to each price element using round().

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('real-estate.csv', usecols=['street', 'price']).head(5)

street = list(df['street'])
street = [item.title() for item in street]

prices = list(df['price'])
commis = [round(p*.06,2) for p in prices]

print(street)
print(prices)

The output it as follows.

Finxter Challenge!
Convert these Lists into a Dictionary format.

Summary

This article has provided four (4) ways to apply a function to each List element to select the best fit for your coding requirements.

Good Luck & Happy Coding!

Programming Humor – Python

The post How to Apply a Function to a Python List appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

Given the following DataFrame df:

import pandas as pd


df = pd.DataFrame([{'A':1, 'B':2, 'C':2, 'D':4},
                   {'A':4, 'B':8, 'C':3, 'D':1},
                   {'A':2, 'B':7, 'C':1, 'D':2},
                   {'A':3, 'B':5, 'C':1, 'D':2}])

print(df)
'''
   A  B  C  D
0  1  2  2  4
1  4  8  3  1
2  2  7  1  2
3  3  5  1  2
'''

Challenge: How to apply a function f to each cell in the DataFrame?

For example, you may want to apply a function that replaces all odd values with the value 'odd'.

import pandas as pd


df = pd.DataFrame([{'A':1, 'B':2, 'C':2, 'D':4},
                   {'A':4, 'B':8, 'C':3, 'D':1},
                   {'A':2, 'B':7, 'C':1, 'D':2},
                   {'A':3, 'B':5, 'C':1, 'D':2}])


def f(cell):
    if cell%2 == 1:
        return 'odd'
    return cell


# ... <Apply Function f to each cell> ...

print(df)
'''
     A    B    C    D
0  odd    2    2    4
1    4    8  odd  odd
2    2  odd  odd    2
3  odd  odd  odd    2
'''

Solution: DataFrame applymap()

The Pandas DataFrame df.applymap() method returns a new DataFrame where the function f is applied to each cell of the original DataFrame df. You can pass any function object as a single argument into the df.applymap() function, either defined as a lambda expression or a normal function.

Example 1: Replace Odd Values in DataFrame

Here’s an example where each cell of the DataFrame is checked against whether it is an odd value. If so, it is replaced with the string 'odd':

def f(cell):
    if cell%2 == 1:
        return 'odd'
    return cell


df_new = df.applymap(f)

print(df_new)
'''
     A    B    C    D
0  odd    2    2    4
1    4    8  odd  odd
2    2  odd  odd    2
3  odd  odd  odd    2
'''

Example 2: Create Two DataFrames with Even and Odd Values Replaced

A slightly advanced example uses two lambda functions to create two new DataFrames where one has all odd and the other has all even values replaced:

import pandas as pd


df = pd.DataFrame([{'A':1, 'B':2, 'C':2, 'D':4},
                   {'A':4, 'B':8, 'C':3, 'D':1},
                   {'A':2, 'B':7, 'C':1, 'D':2},
                   {'A':3, 'B':5, 'C':1, 'D':2}])


df_even = df.applymap(lambda x: 'odd' if x%2 else x)
df_odd = df.applymap(lambda x: x if x%2 else 'even')

print(df_even)
'''
     A    B    C    D
0  odd    2    2    4
1    4    8  odd  odd
2    2  odd  odd    2
3  odd  odd  odd    2
'''

print(df_odd)
'''
      A     B     C     D
0     1  even  even  even
1  even  even     3     1
2  even     7     1  even
3     3     5     1  even
'''

We used the concept of a ternary operator to concisely define the replacement function using the keyword lambda to create a function object “on the fly”.

Recommended Tutorial: Understanding the Ternary Operator in Python

What to Do for Huge Data Sets?

To apply a function to each cell of a DataFrame if the data set has millions of rows, a better and more memory-efficient way would be to use a CSV file and change its values (update and replace data) line by line. Read one line, update its values and write the updated values in a new file (or modify an existing one).

Recommended Tutorials:

• How to Write a DataFrame to a CSV in Python?
• How to Read a DataFrame from a CSV in Python?

This tutorial idea was proposed by Finxter student Kyriakos.

The post How to Apply a Function to Each Cell in a Pandas DataFrame? appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

How much does a APL Developer make per year?

The average annual income of a APL Developer is between $65,000 and $125,000 according to PayScale (source).

Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of APL Developers next!

Hourly Rate

APL Developers are well-paid on freelancing platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr.

• Related Article: What’s the best freelancing platform?

If you decide to go the route as a freelance APL Developer, you can expect to make between $25 and $65 per hour on Upwork (source). Assuming an annual workload of 2000 hours, you can expect to make between $50,000 and $130,000 per year.

There are not many freelancers on Upwork focusing on APL development—the niche largely seems to be open for the taking!

Note: Do you want to create your own thriving coding business online? Feel free to check out our freelance developer course — the world’s #1 best-selling freelance developer course that specifically shows you how to succeed on Upwork and Fiverr!

Industry Demand

But is there enough demand? Let’s have a look at Google trends to find out how interest evolves over time (source):

This actually is a good graph because the decline seems to have converged to long-tail stable demand. There’s stable demand but little interest from the developer community which can lead to supply shortage of APL developers and high income opportunities for you.

Work Description

So, you may wonder: APL Developer – what’s the definition?

APL Developer Definition: An APL developer creates, maintains, designs, and debugs software in the APL programming language. APL is based on arrays as the primary data structure—using a concise mathematical syntax. (Source)

Learning Path, Skills, and Education Requirements

Do you want to become a APL Developer? Here’s a step-by-step learning path I’d propose to get started with APL:

• Step 1: Introduction to Computer Science (~40 hours)
• Step 2: Introduction to APL (~20 hours)
• Step 3: APL Interactive (~10 hours)

You can find many courses on the Finxter Computer Science Academy (flatrate model).

But don’t wait too long to acquire practical experience!

Even if you have little skills, it’s best to get started as a freelance developer and learn as you work on real projects for clients — earning income as you learn and gaining motivation through real-world feedback.

Tip: An excellent start to turbo-charge your freelancing career (earning more in less time) is our Finxter Freelancer Course. The goal of the course is to pay for itself!

Related Video

You can find more job descriptions for coders, programmers, and computer scientists in our detailed overview guide:

• Get Your Job in IT [Overview]

Related Income of Professional Developers

The following statistic shows the self-reported income from 9,649 US-based professional developers (source).

The average annual income of professional developers in the US is between $70,000 and $177,500 for various programming languages.

Question: What is your current total compensation (salary, bonuses, and perks, before taxes and deductions)? Please enter a whole number in the box below, without any punctuation. If you are paid hourly, please estimate an equivalent weekly, monthly, or yearly salary. (source)

The following statistic compares the self-reported income from 46,693 professional programmers as conducted by StackOverflow.

The average annual income of professional developers worldwide (US and non-US) is between $33,000 and $95,000 for various programming languages.

Here’s a screenshot of a more detailed overview of each programming language considered in the report:

Here’s what different database professionals earn:

Here’s an overview of different cloud solutions experts:

Here’s what professionals in web frameworks earn:

There are many other interesting frameworks—that pay well!

Look at those tools:

Okay, but what do you need to do to get there? What are the skill requirements and qualifications to make you become a professional developer in the area you desire?

Let’s find out next!

General Qualifications of Professionals

StackOverflow performs an annual survey asking professionals, coders, developers, researchers, and engineers various questions about their background and job satisfaction on their website.

Interestingly, when aggregating the data of the developers’ educational background, a good three quarters have an academic background.

Here’s the question asked by StackOverflow (source):

Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you’ve completed?

However, if you don’t have a formal degree, don’t fear! Many of the respondents with degrees don’t have a degree in their field—so it may not be of much value for their coding careers anyways.

Also, about one out of four don’t have a formal degree and still succeeds in their field! You certainly don’t need a degree if you’re committed to your own success!

Freelancing vs Employment Status

The percentage of freelance developers increases steadily. The fraction of freelance developers has already reached 11.21%!

This indicates that more and more work will be done in a more flexible work environment—and fewer and fewer companies and clients want to hire inflexible talent.

Here are the stats from the StackOverflow developer survey (source):

Do you want to become a professional freelance developer and earn some money on the side or as your primary source of income?

Resource: Check out our freelance developer course—it’s the best freelance developer course in the world with the highest student success rate in the industry!

Other Programming Languages Used by Professional Developers

The StackOverflow developer survey collected 58000 responses about the following question (source):

Which programming, scripting, and markup languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year, and which do you want to work in over the next year?

These are the languages you want to focus on when starting out as a coder:

And don’t worry—if you feel stuck or struggle with a nasty bug. We all go through it. Here’s what SO survey respondents and professional developers do when they’re stuck:

What do you do when you get stuck on a problem? Select all that apply. (source)

Related Tutorials

To get started with some of the fundamentals and industry concepts, feel free to check out these articles:

• Freelance Developer – How to Code From Home and Earn Six Figures [Industry Report]
• How to Become a Python Freelancer—and Earn $1,000 on the Side? [A Step-by-Step Tutorial]
• How Adam Earns $5000 per Month as a Python Freelancer on Upwork [Month 4]
• APL Wikipedia
• Learn APL Google

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!

Coders get paid six figures and more because they can solve problems more effectively using machine intelligence and automation.

To become more successful in coding, solve more real problems for real people. That’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

You build high-value coding skills by working on practical coding projects!

Do you want to stop learning with toy projects and focus on practical code projects that earn you money and solve real problems for people?

If your answer is YES!, consider becoming a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

If you just want to learn about the freelancing opportunity, feel free to watch my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and learn how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

The post APL Developer – Income and Opportunity appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

How much does a Scala Developer make per year?

The average annual income of a Scala Developer is $119,000 according to PayScale (source). Ziprecruiter even reports an annual average pay of $141,810 for Scala developers.

Here’s a more fine-grained income distribution per job title for Scala developers based on PayScale’s data:

Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of Scala Developers next!

Hourly Rate

Scala Developers are well-paid on freelancing platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr.

• Related Article: What’s the best freelancing platform?

If you decide to go the route as a freelance Scala Developer, you can expect to make between $40 and $50 per hour on Upwork (source). Assuming an annual workload of 2000 hours, you can expect to make between $80,000 and $100,000 per year.

Here’s a screenshot of Scala developers on Upwork:

Note: Do you want to create your own thriving coding business online? Feel free to check out our freelance developer course — the world’s #1 best-selling freelance developer course that specifically shows you how to succeed on Upwork and Fiverr!

Industry Demand

But is there enough demand? Let’s have a look at Google trends to find out how interest evolves over time (source):

Work Description

So, you may wonder: Scala Developer – what’s the definition?

Scala Developer Definition: A Scala developer designs, creates, optimizes, debugs, and maintains software applications in the Scala programming language. Scala is used in data analysis, data processing, distributed computing, and web development. (Source)

Learning Path, Skills, and Education Requirements

Do you want to become a Scala Developer? Here’s a step-by-step learning path I’d propose to get started with Scala:

• Step 1: Introduction to Computer Science (~40 hours)
• Step 2: Introduction to Distributed Systems (~20 hours)
• Step 3: Introduction to Scala (~20 hours)

You can find many courses on the Finxter Computer Science Academy (flatrate model).

But don’t wait too long to acquire practical experience!

Even if you have little skills, it’s best to get started as a freelance developer and learn as you work on real projects for clients — earning income as you learn and gaining motivation through real-world feedback.

Tip: An excellent start to turbo-charge your freelancing career (earning more in less time) is our Finxter Freelancer Course. The goal of the course is to pay for itself!

Related Video

You can find more job descriptions for coders, programmers, and computer scientists in our detailed overview guide:

• Get Your Job in IT [Overview]

Related Income of Professional Developers

The following statistic shows the self-reported income from 9,649 US-based professional developers (source).

The average annual income of professional developers in the US is between $70,000 and $177,500 for various programming languages.

Question: What is your current total compensation (salary, bonuses, and perks, before taxes and deductions)? Please enter a whole number in the box below, without any punctuation. If you are paid hourly, please estimate an equivalent weekly, monthly, or yearly salary. (source)

The following statistic compares the self-reported income from 46,693 professional programmers as conducted by StackOverflow.

The average annual income of professional developers worldwide (US and non-US) is between $33,000 and $95,000 for various programming languages.

Here’s a screenshot of a more detailed overview of each programming language considered in the report:

Here’s what different database professionals earn:

Here’s an overview of different cloud solutions experts:

Here’s what professionals in web frameworks earn:

There are many other interesting frameworks—that pay well!

Look at those tools:

Okay, but what do you need to do to get there? What are the skill requirements and qualifications to make you become a professional developer in the area you desire?

Let’s find out next!

General Qualifications of Professionals

StackOverflow performs an annual survey asking professionals, coders, developers, researchers, and engineers various questions about their background and job satisfaction on their website.

Interestingly, when aggregating the data of the developers’ educational background, a good three quarters have an academic background.

Here’s the question asked by StackOverflow (source):

Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you’ve completed?

However, if you don’t have a formal degree, don’t fear! Many of the respondents with degrees don’t have a degree in their field—so it may not be of much value for their coding careers anyways.

Also, about one out of four don’t have a formal degree and still succeeds in their field! You certainly don’t need a degree if you’re committed to your own success!

Freelancing vs Employment Status

The percentage of freelance developers increases steadily. The fraction of freelance developers has already reached 11.21%!

This indicates that more and more work will be done in a more flexible work environment—and fewer and fewer companies and clients want to hire inflexible talent.

Here are the stats from the StackOverflow developer survey (source):

Do you want to become a professional freelance developer and earn some money on the side or as your primary source of income?

Resource: Check out our freelance developer course—it’s the best freelance developer course in the world with the highest student success rate in the industry!

Other Programming Languages Used by Professional Developers

The StackOverflow developer survey collected 58000 responses about the following question (source):

Which programming, scripting, and markup languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year, and which do you want to work in over the next year?

These are the languages you want to focus on when starting out as a coder:

And don’t worry—if you feel stuck or struggle with a nasty bug. We all go through it. Here’s what SO survey respondents and professional developers do when they’re stuck:

What do you do when you get stuck on a problem? Select all that apply. (source)

Related Tutorials

To get started with some of the fundamentals and industry concepts, feel free to check out these articles:

• Freelance Developer – How to Code From Home and Earn Six Figures [Industry Report]
• How to Become a Python Freelancer—and Earn $1,000 on the Side? [A Step-by-Step Tutorial]
• How Adam Earns $5000 per Month as a Python Freelancer on Upwork [Month 4]
• Scala Wikipedia
• Learn Scala Google

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!

Coders get paid six figures and more because they can solve problems more effectively using machine intelligence and automation.

To become more successful in coding, solve more real problems for real people. That’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

You build high-value coding skills by working on practical coding projects!

Do you want to stop learning with toy projects and focus on practical code projects that earn you money and solve real problems for people?

If your answer is YES!, consider becoming a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

If you just want to learn about the freelancing opportunity, feel free to watch my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and learn how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

The post Scala Developer – Income and Opportunity appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

How much does a Haskell Developer make per year?

The average annual income of a Haskell Developer is $126,000 according to PayScale (source). Glassdoor reports an annual income range from $40k to $155k (source).

And here’s the most frequent developer roles of Haskell developers:

Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of Haskell Developers next!

Hourly Rate

Haskell Developers are well-paid on freelancing platforms such as Upwork or Fiverr.

• Related Article: What’s the best freelancing platform?

If you decide to go the route as a freelance Haskell Developer, you can expect to make between $20 and $135 per hour on Upwork (source). Assuming an annual workload of 2000 hours, you can expect to make between $40,000 and $270,000 per year.

Note: Do you want to create your own thriving coding business online? Feel free to check out our freelance developer course — the world’s #1 best-selling freelance developer course that specifically shows you how to succeed on Upwork and Fiverr!

Industry Demand

But is there enough demand? Let’s have a look at Google trends to find out how interest evolves over time (source):

Work Description

So, you may wonder: Haskell Developer – what’s the definition?

Haskell Developer Definition: As a Haskell developer, you create and debug applications in the Haskell programming language. Haskell is a functional language with type inference and lazy evaluation. (Source)

Recently, Haskell has become re-popularized due to the fact that the Cardano Blockchain is written in Haskell (source).

Learning Path, Skills, and Education Requirements

Do you want to become a Haskell Developer? Here’s a step-by-step learning path I’d propose to get started with Haskell:

• Step 1: Introduction to Computer Science (~40 hours)
• Step 2: Introduction to Haskell (~20 hours)
• Step 3: Introduction to Haskell Recap (~10 hours)

You can find many courses on the Finxter Computer Science Academy (flatrate model).

But don’t wait too long to acquire practical experience!

Even if you have little skills, it’s best to get started as a freelance developer and learn as you work on real projects for clients — earning income as you learn and gaining motivation through real-world feedback.

Tip: An excellent start to turbo-charge your freelancing career (earning more in less time) is our Finxter Freelancer Course. The goal of the course is to pay for itself!

Related Video

You can find more job descriptions for coders, programmers, and computer scientists in our detailed overview guide:

• Get Your Job in IT [Overview]

Related Income of Professional Developers

The following statistic shows the self-reported income from 9,649 US-based professional developers (source).

The average annual income of professional developers in the US is between $70,000 and $177,500 for various programming languages.

Question: What is your current total compensation (salary, bonuses, and perks, before taxes and deductions)? Please enter a whole number in the box below, without any punctuation. If you are paid hourly, please estimate an equivalent weekly, monthly, or yearly salary. (source)

The following statistic compares the self-reported income from 46,693 professional programmers as conducted by StackOverflow.

The average annual income of professional developers worldwide (US and non-US) is between $33,000 and $95,000 for various programming languages.

Here’s a screenshot of a more detailed overview of each programming language considered in the report:

Here’s what different database professionals earn:

Here’s an overview of different cloud solutions experts:

Here’s what professionals in web frameworks earn:

There are many other interesting frameworks—that pay well!

Look at those tools:

Okay, but what do you need to do to get there? What are the skill requirements and qualifications to make you become a professional developer in the area you desire?

Let’s find out next!

General Qualifications of Professionals

StackOverflow performs an annual survey asking professionals, coders, developers, researchers, and engineers various questions about their background and job satisfaction on their website.

Interestingly, when aggregating the data of the developers’ educational background, a good three quarters have an academic background.

Here’s the question asked by StackOverflow (source):

Which of the following best describes the highest level of formal education that you’ve completed?

However, if you don’t have a formal degree, don’t fear! Many of the respondents with degrees don’t have a degree in their field—so it may not be of much value for their coding careers anyways.

Also, about one out of four don’t have a formal degree and still succeeds in their field! You certainly don’t need a degree if you’re committed to your own success!

Freelancing vs Employment Status

The percentage of freelance developers increases steadily. The fraction of freelance developers has already reached 11.21%!

This indicates that more and more work will be done in a more flexible work environment—and fewer and fewer companies and clients want to hire inflexible talent.

Here are the stats from the StackOverflow developer survey (source):

Do you want to become a professional freelance developer and earn some money on the side or as your primary source of income?

Resource: Check out our freelance developer course—it’s the best freelance developer course in the world with the highest student success rate in the industry!

Other Programming Languages Used by Professional Developers

The StackOverflow developer survey collected 58000 responses about the following question (source):

Which programming, scripting, and markup languages have you done extensive development work in over the past year, and which do you want to work in over the next year?

These are the languages you want to focus on when starting out as a coder:

And don’t worry—if you feel stuck or struggle with a nasty bug. We all go through it. Here’s what SO survey respondents and professional developers do when they’re stuck:

What do you do when you get stuck on a problem? Select all that apply. (source)

Related Tutorials

To get started with some of the fundamentals and industry concepts, feel free to check out these articles:

• Freelance Developer – How to Code From Home and Earn Six Figures [Industry Report]
• How to Become a Python Freelancer—and Earn $1,000 on the Side? [A Step-by-Step Tutorial]
• How Adam Earns $5000 per Month as a Python Freelancer on Upwork [Month 4]
• Haskell Wikipedia
• Learn Haskell Google

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!

Coders get paid six figures and more because they can solve problems more effectively using machine intelligence and automation.

To become more successful in coding, solve more real problems for real people. That’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

You build high-value coding skills by working on practical coding projects!

Do you want to stop learning with toy projects and focus on practical code projects that earn you money and solve real problems for people?

If your answer is YES!, consider becoming a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

If you just want to learn about the freelancing opportunity, feel free to watch my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and learn how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

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