Today’s tutorial will introduce two slightly more advanced concepts of closures and decorators in Python. We’ll explain what they are, how each is defined, and where and how they will help in your coding. Nested Functions I’m sure you are all familiar with functions, and some of you may have used, or heard of, nested … Read more
A namespace is a filing system used by Python to track all the names given to objects when you write a program. When I first began trying to understand namespaces in Python, the tutorials I came across were confusing and less than helpful in their descriptions. Today I will take you on a logical and … Read more
The main difference between type() and isinstance() is that type(object) returns the type of an object and isinstance(object, class) returns True if the object argument is an instance of the class argument or in a direct or indirect subclass relationship. To strengthen your understanding, let’s quickly recap the syntactical definitions of both functions: type(object) – … Read more
A typical online search queries the meaning of data abstraction in Python. When I began learning Python, the answers I found caused more confusion than they solved. Today I will describe data abstraction in a clear way that will assist you in better understanding the concept. We will then apply that concept in code to … Read more
From teaching hundreds of thousands of students Python, I found this error to be a classic. I think understanding classes is hard enough, but many coders who’ve just started to learn about Python are rightly confused ? about the TypeError that complains about too few positional arguments. Let’s resolve this confusion once and for all, … Read more
Today we’re going to look at the Python Method Resolution Order or MRO for short. If you’ve been following the tutorials on Python classes and inheritance, and you’ve been practicing in code, you’ll understand that once the hierarchy of classes moves into multiple inheritances, you may return strange results or end up with incomprehensible errors. … Read more
In a previous article, we introduced the topic of object-oriented programming, or OOP for short. Then, we discussed classes and the topic of inheritance. This article will do a quick recap of inheritance, what it is, and why you’d use it. Then we’ll introduce the different types of inheritance you might encounter in your programming … Read more
This article continues from Introduction to Classes – Part One, where we explained what classes are, their components, and why we use them. We also looked at some unique characteristics of classes that assist us in creating cleaner code. If you haven’t read Part One and are new to classes, I suggest reading that introduction … Read more
This article introduces classes in Python, explaining what they are, their components, and why we use them. We’ll also look at some unique characteristics of classes to assist us in creating cleaner code. When I first began coding, the subject of classes in Python was a complete mystery to me. The explanations and jargon employed … Read more
Method overriding vs overloading in Python—what’s the difference? If you’re short on time—here it is: Method overloading: creating a method that can be called with different arguments such as m() and m(1, 2, 3). Method overriding: overwriting the functionality of a method defined in a parent class. In method overloading, methods in a given class … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a function object assigned to a name. How to get the name of the function as a string? For example, consider the following function your_function. How to get the name “your_function” from this? Your desired value of the result stored in string_name is the string “your_function”. Method 1: Use the __name__ Attribute … Read more
You have the eyes of your mother. One could say, you “inherited” the eyes of your mother. As you may have guessed, this article is about inheritance in Python. Inheritance is one of the most important features of object orientation. It’s a simple and intuitive concept but even advanced coders circumvent using inheritance because they … Read more