Problem Formulation Given a dictionary of key value pairs in Python. If you print the dictionary to the shell using print({‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2}), the output is enclosed in curly brackets (braces) like so: {‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2}. But you want the dictionary without brackets like so: ‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2. How to print the … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a list of elements. If you print the list to the shell using print([1, 2, 3]), the output is enclosed in square brackets like so: [1, 2, 3]. But you want the list without brackets like so: 1, 2, 3. How to print the list without enclosing brackets? Method 1: Unpacking The … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a file with name file.txt and the following content: hi finxters! 🙂 You created a Python script that reads the file line-by-line and prints each line to the shell like so: But the output unexpectedly adds an extra newline to each line so you obtain the following output on the Python shell: … Read more
Python’s print() function prints a string representation of any number of arguments to the standard output. It has many arguments such as the sep argument to set a custom separator string between the printed objects, the end argument to set a custom ending string, or the file argument to print a string into a file. … Read more
Problem Formulation Python has special “escape characters” that start with the single backslash such as \n, \t, and \”. If you print a string with escape characters, Python prints the special meaning—for example, a new line for the newline character \n. You can see that the output prints the special meaning of the escape characters: … Read more
Python Escape Characters Table Escape Character Explanation \’ Single Quote \” Double Quote \n Newline Character \t Tabular Character \b Backspace Character \r Carriage Return \\ Backslash \ Form Feed \ooo Octal Value \xhh Hex Value Examples The following examples show the working of the different escape characters in a Python context. We provide the … Read more
Problem Formulation In Python’s interactive mode, each line is assumed to be an expression that is evaluated. The return value is provided to the user. Thus, if you evaluate a string expression or call a function or an operation that returns a string, the output will display quotes around the string to tell the user … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a floating point number x = 123.456. How to print the number without decimal remainder? Solution 1: int() Python’s built-in function int(x) converts any float number x to an integer by truncating it towards 0. For example, positive int(1.999) will be truncated to 1 and negative int(-1.999) to -1. To boost your … Read more
Problem Formulation Python’s print() function allows an arbitrary number of comma-separated values and prints them to the shell, separated by a single empty space character ‘ ‘. The following example shows how you pass four string values as arguments into the print() function: The resulting shell output has an added empty space character ‘ ‘ … Read more
Problem Formulation Recap: The Python string.split(separator) method splits the string at a given separator and returns a split list of substrings. Per default, it uses arbitrary whitespace as a separator. Thus, if you want to store the result in a list variable, you can simply do so: However, what if you’d rather want to store … Read more
Problem Formulation Given a Python dictionary containing lists and other data structures. You want to store the dictionary in a file or send it over the network in a more efficient form. How to serialize a Python dictionary into a string, and then deserialize the string back to a dictionary data structure? Here’s a rough … Read more
To get a substring of a given string in Python, you can use a popular feature called “slicing“. The syntax is string[start:stop:step] with the following meaning: start is the index of the first character included in the substring, stop is the index of the last character, but it is not itself included in the substring, … Read more