As a Python developer interested in building Telegram bots for pure fun and enjoyment, I bring you my curated list of top Python libraries that powerfully streamline bot creation. 1. python-telegram-bot The python-telegram-bot is one of the most straightforward libraries for building bots for the Telegram app. Easy installation: 👇 pip install python-telegram-bot –upgrade It … Read more
A Python metaclass is a class that creates and controls other classes, similar to how classes create and control objects. It’s essentially a “class of a class”. Metaclass Metaphor 1: Toy Factory Imagine you’re running a toy factory. The blueprint for each type of toy (like a car, doll, or train) is like a class … Read more
Python provides the capability to create your own iterator function using a construct known as a generator. 💡 A generator is a unique kind of function. Unlike traditional functions that return a single value, a generator returns a special object — an iterator, which can produce a sequence of values over time. The key feature … Read more
Problem Formulation 🧩 Picture this: you’re chugging along, writing some great Python code, leveraging the sheer power of dataclasses, and BAM! You hit an error you’ve never seen before: “TypeError: ‘ABCMeta’ object is not subscriptable“. 😵💫 Here’s the culprit, a scenario where you have a base dataclass Expression, inherited from the Node class and Python’s … Read more
To create a 3D surface plot of a bivariate normal distribution define two normally distributed random variables x and y, each with its own mean (mu_x, mu_y) and variance (variance_x, variance_y). The random variables are independent,the covariance between x and y is 0. Use the grid of (x, y) pairs to calculate the probability density … Read more
When trying to plot a 3D normal distribution recently, I encountered the following error: TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-10-ee1b0cd4b744> in <cell line: 32>() 30 fig = plt.figure() 31 —> 32 ax = fig.gca(projection=’3d’) 33 34 # create a 3D surface plot of the multivariate normal distribution 👉 TypeError: FigureBase.gca() got an unexpected keyword … Read more
Problem Formulation The output when running this code is as follows Warning (from warnings module): File “C:\Users\xcent\Desktop\code.py”, line 10 ax = fig.gca(projection=’3d’) MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Calling gca() with keyword arguments was deprecated in Matplotlib 3.4. Starting two minor releases later, gca() will take no keyword arguments. The gca() function should only be used to get the current … Read more
To generate a 3D waterfall plot with colored heights create a 2D sine wave using the NumPy meshgrid() function, then apply a colormap to the heights using Matplotlib’s Normalize function. The plot_surface() function generates the 3D plot, while the color gradient is added using a ScalarMappable object. Here’s a code example for copy and paste: … Read more
Method 1: Speedtest-cli To measure your Internet speed with Python, you can use the Speedtest-cli method. This Python library provides a command-line interface for testing internet bandwidth using speedtest.net. It performs a comprehensive test, providing download speed, upload speed, and latency data. First, install the speedtest-cli library using: pip install speedtest-cli The following example can … Read more
💡 Problem Formulation: Chances are you’ve already figured out that you can get your Python program to sleep for one second using time.sleep(1). But how do you sleep for less than a second, e.g., for half a second (0.5s), milliseconds, or even microseconds? Method 1: Use time.sleep() The time.sleep(seconds) function halts the Python program for … Read more
If you’re short on time, here’s the code for copy and paste: 👇 Let’s dive into the whole article, keep reading to learn and improve your skills (and enjoy the beautiful spider 🕷️🕸️ images I hand-picked for you)! 👇 💡 Quick overview: I’ll show you the three most Pythonic ways to download a PDF from … Read more
Set stream=True when calling the chat completions or completions endpoints to stream completions. This returns an object that streams back the response as data-only server-sent events. Streaming completion is an essential functionality offered by OpenAI, particularly useful in the implementation of real-time applications like live text generation or interactive conversational bots. Traditionally, this feature has … Read more