In this article we explore how to install Ghostscript on numerous different platforms and operating systems. What is Ghostcript? Why install it? What is Ghostscript, and why would we want to install it? To understand this we should first learn about Postscript. Postscript Postscript is a page description language geared towards desktop publishing documents. If … Read more
Problem Formulation Suppose you have a PDF file, but it’s too large and you’d like to compress it (perhaps you want to reduce its size to allow for faster transfer over the internet, or perhaps to save storage space). Even more challenging, suppose you have multiple PDF files you’d like to compress. Multiple online options … Read more
Here’s an error I recently encountered when working with NumPy arrays: If you run the following code, you’ll experience a special ValueError: The output will be this error message: How can you fix this error? I’ll give you a short and a long answer to this question. Let’s start with the short one: Solution: Use … Read more
According to the Python version 3.10.3 official doc, the os module provides built-in miscellaneous operating system interfaces. We can achieve many operating system dependent functionalities through it. One of the functionalities is to generate the file names in a directory tree through os.walk(). If it sounds great to you, please continue reading, and you will … Read more
Annual Income How much does an R Developer make per year? The income of an R Developer is $130,327 per year in the US according to Ziprecruiter (source) and $83,000 per year in the US according to PayScale. (source) The average of this reported income data is $106,663 per year. The top 10 highest paying … Read more
Annual Income How much does a Powershell Developer make per year? The average annual income of a Powershell Developer is between $93,000 (25th percentile) and $170,000 (75h percentile) with top earners making $170,000 per year and more according to Ziprecruiter (source): Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of Powershell Developers next! Hourly Rate … Read more
Annual Income How much does a Bash Developer make per year? The average annual income of a Bash Unix Shell Script Developer is $74,000 according to Ziprecruiter (source). PayScale lists an even higher annual income for a bash developer of $80,000 (source). Let’s have a look at the hourly rate of Bash Developers next! Hourly … Read more
Problem Formulation Say you need to call a potentially long function but you can only wait for a fixed time duration for the function to terminate. If the function does terminate within the time interval, you take the function’s return value. If the function does not terminate within the time interval, you want to take … Read more
Windows: How to Make Beep in Python To make a beep sound in Python on your Windows machine: Import the library using: import winsound Call windsound.Beep(frequency, duration) for your desired frequency (in Hertz) and duration (in milliseconds). For example, winsound.Beep(2000, 1500) would make a sound with 2000 Hz for 1.5 seconds. Here’s the relevant code … Read more
Use str.rstrip() to remove a trailing newline. Given a string s, create a new one without trailing newline character by calling s.rstrip(‘\n’). If you need the string stored in the original variable, simply assign the result to the original variable. Here’s an example: This actually removes all trailing newline characters: If you want to remove … Read more
Working in Python with files and directories in an efficient way is important especially when we are talking about several thousand files. For example, if the goal is to “just” count the number of files in a directory it is probably a good idea to work directly with iterables without creating lists that would take … Read more
In which order does the nested ternary operator evaluate its conditions? Short Answer: The nested ternary operator ‘1’ if x else ‘2’ if y else ‘3’ evaluates the condition from left to right, i.e., ‘1’ if x else (‘2’ if y else ‘3’). In short, first condition first! Problem Formulation Given a nested ternary operator … Read more