This article will show you various ways to work with an XML file.

XML is an acronym for Extensible Markup Language. This file type is similar to HTML. However, XML does not have pre-defined tags like HTML. Instead, a coder can define their own tags to meet specific requirements. XML is a great way to transmit and share data, either locally or via the internet. This file can be parsed based on standardized XML if structured correctly.

To make it more interesting, we have the following running scenario:

Jan, a Bookstore Owner, wants to know the top three (3) selling Books in her store. This data is currently saved in an XML format.

Question: How would we write code to read in and extract data from an XML file into a Python script?

We can accomplish this by performing the following steps:

• Method 1: Use xmltodict()
• Method 2: Use minidom.parse()
• Method 3: Use etree
• Method 4: Use untangle.parse()

Method 1: Use xmltodict()

This method uses the xmltodict() function to read an XML file, convert it to a Dictionary and extract the data.

In the current working directory, create an XML file called books.xml. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

<bookstore>
    <book>
        <title>Surrender</title>
        <author>Bono</author>
        <sales>21987</sales>
    </book>
    <book>
        <title>Going Rogue</title>
        <author>Janet Evanovich</author>
        <sales>15986</sales>
    </book>
    <book>
        <title>Triple Cross</title>
        <author>James Patterson</author>
        <sales>11311</sales>
    </book>
</bookstore>

In the current working directory, create a Python file called books.py. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it. This code reads in and parses the above XML file. If necessary, install the xmltodict library.

import xmltodict

with open('books.xml', 'r') as fp:
    books_dict =  xmltodict.parse(fp.read())
    fp.close()

for i in books_dict:
    for j in books_dict[i]:
        for k in books_dict[i][j]:
            print(f'Title: {k["title"]} \t Sales: {k["sales"]}')

The first line in the above code snippet imports the xmltodict library. This library is needed to access and parse the XML file.

The following highlighted section opens books.xml in read mode (r) and saves it as a File Object, fp. If fp was output to the terminal, an object similar to the one below would display.

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='books.xml' mode='r' encoding='cp1252'>

Next, the xmltodict.parse() function is called and passed one (1) argument, fp.read(), which reads in and parses the contents of the XML file. The results save to books_dict as a Dictionary, and the file is closed. The contents of books_dict are shown below.

{'bookstore': 
  {'book': [{'title': Surrender', 'author': 'Bono', 'sales': '21987'}, 
              {'title': 'Going Rogue', 'author': 'Janet Evanovich', 'sales': '15986'}, 
              {'title': 'Triple Cross', 'author': 'James Patterson', 'sales': '11311'}]}}

The final highlighted section loops through the above Dictionary and extracts each book’s Title and Sales.

Title: Surrender         Sales: 21987
Title: Going Rogue    Sales: 15986
Title: Triple Cross      Sales: 11311

Note: The \t character represents the <Tab> key on the keyboard.

Method 2: Use minidom.parse()

This method uses the minidom.parse() function to read and parse an XML file. This example extracts the ID, Title and Sales for each book.

This example differs from Method 1 as this XML file contains an additional line at the top (<?xml version="1.0"?>) of the file and each <book> tag now has an id (attribute) assigned to it.

In the current working directory, create an XML file called books2.xml. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<bookstore>
	<storename>Jan's Best Sellers List</storename>
	<book id="21237">
		<title>Surrender</title>
                <author>Bono</author>
		<sales>21987</sales>
	</book>
	<book id="21946">
		<title>Going Rogue</title>
                <author>Janet Evanovich</author>
		<sales>15986</sales>
	</book>
	<book id="18241">
		<title>Triple Cross</title>
                <author>James Patterson</author>
		<sales>11311</sales>
	</book>
</bookstore>

In the current working directory, create a Python file called books2.py. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

from xml.dom import minidom

doc = minidom.parse('books2.xml')
name = doc.getElementsByTagName('storename')[0]
books = doc.getElementsByTagName('book')

for b in books:
        bid    = b.getAttribute('id')
        title  = b.getElementsByTagName('title')[0]
        sales  = b.getElementsByTagName('sales')[0]
        print(f'{bid} {title.firstChild.data} {sales.firstChild.data}')

The first line in the above code snippet imports the minidom library. This allows access to various functions to parse the XML file and retrieve tags and attributes.

The first section of highlighted lines performs the following:

• Reads and parse the books2.xml file and saves the results to doc. This action creates the Object shown as (1) below.
• Retrieves the <storename> tag and saves the results to name. This action creates an Object shown as (2) below.
• Retrieves the <book> tag for each book and saves the results to books. This action creates a List of three (3) Objects: one for each book shown as (3) below.

(1) <xml.dom.minidom.Document object at 0x0000022D764AFEE0> 
(2) <DOM Element: storename at 0x22d764f0ee0> 
(3) [<DOM Element: book at 0x22d764f3a30>, 
<DOM Element: book at 0x22d764f3c70>, 
<DOM Element: book at 0x22d764f3eb0>]

The last section of highlighted lines loop through the books Object and outputs the results to the terminal.

21237 Surrender 21987
21946 Going Rogue 15986
18241 Triple Cross 11311

Method 3: Use etree

This method uses etree to read in and parses an XML file. This example extracts the Title and Sales data for each book.

The etree considers the XML file as a tree structure. Each element represents a node of said tree. Accessing elements is done on an element level.

This example reads in and parses the books2.xml file created earlier.

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

xml_data = ET.parse('books2.xml')
root = xml_data.getroot()

for books in root.findall('book'):
    title = books.find('title').text
    author = books.find('author').text
    sales = books.find('sales').text
    print(title, author, sales)

The first line in the above code snippet imports the etree library. This allows access to all nodes of the XML <tag> structure.

The following line reads in and parses books2.xml. The results save as an XML Object to xml_data. If output to the terminal, an Object similar to the one below displays.

<Element 'bookstore' at 0x000001E45E9442C0>

The following highlighted section uses a for loop to iterate through each <book> tag, extracting the <title>, <author> and <sales> tags for each book and outputting them to the terminal.

Surrender Bono 21987
Going Rogue Janet Evanovich 15986
Triple Cross James Patterson 11311

To retrieve the attribute of the <book> tag, run the following code.

This code extracts the id attribute from each <book> tag and outputs it to the terminal.

{'id': '21237'}
{'id': '21946'}
{'id': '18241'}

To extract the values, run the following code.

for id in root.iter('book'):
    vals = id.attrib.values()
    for v in vals:
        print(vals)

21237
21946
18241

Method 4: Use untangle.parse()

This method uses untangle.parse() to parse an XML string.

This example reads in and parses the books3.xml file shown below. If necessary, install the untangle library.

The untangle library converts an XML file to a Python object. This is a good option when you have a group of items, such as book names.

In the current working directory, create an XML file called books3.xml. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it. If necessary, install the untangle library.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root>
    <book name="Surrender"/>
    <book name="Going Rogue"/>
    <book name="Triple Cross"/>
</root>

In the current working directory, create a Python file called books3.py. Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

import untangle

book_obj = untangle.parse('books3.xml')
books = ','.join([book['name'] for book in book_obj.root.book])

for b in books.split(','):
    print(b)

The first line in the above code snippet imports the untangle library allowing access to the XML file structure.

The following line reads in and parses the books3.xml file. The results save to book_obj.

The next line calls the join() function and passes it one (1) argument: List Comprehension. This code iterates through and retrieves the name of each book and saves the results to books. If output to the terminal, the following displays:

 Surrender,Going Rogue,Triple Cross

The next line instantiates a for loop, iterates through each book name, and sends it to the terminal.

Surrender
Going Rogue
Triple Cross

Summary

This article has shown four (4) ways to work with XML files to select the best fit for your coding requirements.

Good Luck & Happy Coding!

Programmer Humor – Blockchain

The post Parsing XML Files in Python – 4 Simple Ways appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

Definition: The Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is a file format for displaying geographic data in Google Earth or other so-called “Earth Browsers”. Similarly to XML, KML uses a tag-based structure with nested elements and attributes.

How to Convert KML to CSV in Python?

You can convert a .kml to a .csv file in Python by using the BeautifulSoup and the csv libraries. You use the former to read the XML-structured KML file and the latter to write the CSV file row by row.

Here’s the code example inspired but modified from this GitHub repository. You can copy&paste it in the directory where your KML file resides and change the input and output filenames at the beginning to convert your own KML to a CSV in Python:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv


infile = 'my_file.kml'
outfile = 'my_file.csv'


with open(infile, 'r') as f:
    s = BeautifulSoup(f, 'xml')
    
    with open(outfile, 'wb') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile)

        for coords in s.find_all('coordinates'):
            
            # Take coordinate string from KML and break it up into [Lat,Lon,Lat,Lon...] to get CSV row
            space_splits = coords.string.split(" ")
            row = []
            
            for split in space_splits[1:]:
                # Note: because of the space between <coordinates>" "-80.123, we slice [1:]
                comma_split = split.split(',')

                # lattitude
                row.append(comma_split[1])
                
                # longitude
                row.append(comma_split[0])
            
            writer.writerow(row)

Example Conversion

We use the following sample KML file as 'my_file.kml':

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
  <Document>
    <name>KML Samples</name>
    <open>1</open>
    <description>Unleash your creativity with the help of these examples!</description>
    <Style id="downArrowIcon">
      <IconStyle>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/pal4/icon28.png</href>
        </Icon>
      </IconStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="globeIcon">
      <IconStyle>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/pal3/icon19.png</href>
        </Icon>
      </IconStyle>
      <LineStyle>
        <width>2</width>
      </LineStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="transPurpleLineGreenPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <color>7fff00ff</color>
        <width>4</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7f00ff00</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="yellowLineGreenPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <color>7f00ffff</color>
        <width>4</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7f00ff00</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="thickBlackLine">
      <LineStyle>
        <color>87000000</color>
        <width>10</width>
      </LineStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="redLineBluePoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <color>ff0000ff</color>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>ffff0000</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="blueLineRedPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <color>ffff0000</color>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>ff0000ff</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="transRedPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <width>1.5</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7d0000ff</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="transBluePoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <width>1.5</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7dff0000</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="transGreenPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <width>1.5</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7d00ff00</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="transYellowPoly">
      <LineStyle>
        <width>1.5</width>
      </LineStyle>
      <PolyStyle>
        <color>7d00ffff</color>
      </PolyStyle>
    </Style>
    <Style id="noDrivingDirections">
      <BalloonStyle>
        <text><![CDATA[
          <b>$[name]</b>
          <br /><br />
          $[description]
        ]]></text>
      </BalloonStyle>
    </Style>
    <Folder>
      <name>Placemarks</name>
      <description>These are just some of the different kinds of placemarks with
        which you can mark your favorite places</description>
      <LookAt>
        <longitude>-122.0839597145766</longitude>
        <latitude>37.42222904525232</latitude>
        <altitude>0</altitude>
        <heading>-148.4122922628044</heading>
        <tilt>40.5575073395506</tilt>
        <range>500.6566641072245</range>
      </LookAt>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Simple placemark</name>
        <description>Attached to the ground. Intelligently places itself at the
          height of the underlying terrain.</description>
        <Point>
          <coordinates>-122.0822035425683,37.42228990140251,0</coordinates>
        </Point>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Floating placemark</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Floats a defined distance above the ground.</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-122.0839597145766</longitude>
          <latitude>37.42222904525232</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-148.4122922628044</heading>
          <tilt>40.5575073395506</tilt>
          <range>500.6566641072245</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#downArrowIcon</styleUrl>
        <Point>
          <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates>-122.084075,37.4220033612141,50</coordinates>
        </Point>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Extruded placemark</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Tethered to the ground by a customizable
          &quot;tail&quot;</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-122.0845787421525</longitude>
          <latitude>37.42215078737763</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-148.4126684946234</heading>
          <tilt>40.55750733918048</tilt>
          <range>365.2646606980322</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#globeIcon</styleUrl>
        <Point>
          <extrude>1</extrude>
          <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates>-122.0857667006183,37.42156927867553,50</coordinates>
        </Point>
      </Placemark>
    </Folder>
    <Folder>
      <name>Styles and Markup</name>
      <visibility>0</visibility>
      <description>With KML it is easy to create rich, descriptive markup to
        annotate and enrich your placemarks</description>
      <LookAt>
        <longitude>-122.0845787422371</longitude>
        <latitude>37.42215078726837</latitude>
        <altitude>0</altitude>
        <heading>-148.4126777488172</heading>
        <tilt>40.55750733930874</tilt>
        <range>365.2646826292919</range>
      </LookAt>
      <styleUrl>#noDrivingDirections</styleUrl>
      <Document>
        <name>Highlighted Icon</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Place your mouse over the icon to see it display the new
          icon</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-122.0856552124024</longitude>
          <latitude>37.4224281311035</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>0</heading>
          <tilt>0</tilt>
          <range>265.8520424250024</range>
        </LookAt>
        <Style id="highlightPlacemark">
          <IconStyle>
            <Icon>
              <href>http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/paddle/red-stars.png</href>
            </Icon>
          </IconStyle>
        </Style>
        <Style id="normalPlacemark">
          <IconStyle>
            <Icon>
              <href>http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/paddle/wht-blank.png</href>
            </Icon>
          </IconStyle>
        </Style>
        <StyleMap id="exampleStyleMap">
          <Pair>
            <key>normal</key>
            <styleUrl>#normalPlacemark</styleUrl>
          </Pair>
          <Pair>
            <key>highlight</key>
            <styleUrl>#highlightPlacemark</styleUrl>
          </Pair>
        </StyleMap>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Roll over this icon</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#exampleStyleMap</styleUrl>
          <Point>
            <coordinates>-122.0856545755255,37.42243077405461,0</coordinates>
          </Point>
        </Placemark>
      </Document>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Descriptive HTML</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description><![CDATA[Click on the blue link!<br><br>
Placemark descriptions can be enriched by using many standard HTML tags.<br>
For example:
<hr>
Styles:<br>
<i>Italics</i>, 
<b>Bold</b>, 
<u>Underlined</u>, 
<s>Strike Out</s>, 
subscript<sub>subscript</sub>, 
superscript<sup>superscript</sup>, 
<big>Big</big>, 
<small>Small</small>, 
<tt>Typewriter</tt>, 
<em>Emphasized</em>, 
<strong>Strong</strong>, 
<code>Code</code>
<hr>
Fonts:<br> 
<font color="red">red by name</font>, 
<font color="#408010">leaf green by hexadecimal RGB</font>
<br>
<font size=1>size 1</font>, 
<font size=2>size 2</font>, 
<font size=3>size 3</font>, 
<font size=4>size 4</font>, 
<font size=5>size 5</font>, 
<font size=6>size 6</font>, 
<font size=7>size 7</font>
<br>
<font face=times>Times</font>, 
<font face=verdana>Verdana</font>, 
<font face=arial>Arial</font><br>
<hr>
Links: 
<br>
<a href="http://earth.google.com/">Google Earth!</a>
<br>
 or:  Check out our website at www.google.com
<hr>
Alignment:<br>
<p align=left>left</p>
<p align=center>center</p>
<p align=right>right</p>
<hr>
Ordered Lists:<br>
<ol><li>First</li><li>Second</li><li>Third</li></ol>
<ol type="a"><li>First</li><li>Second</li><li>Third</li></ol>
<ol type="A"><li>First</li><li>Second</li><li>Third</li></ol>
<hr>
Unordered Lists:<br>
<ul><li>A</li><li>B</li><li>C</li></ul>
<ul type="circle"><li>A</li><li>B</li><li>C</li></ul>
<ul type="square"><li>A</li><li>B</li><li>C</li></ul>
<hr>
Definitions:<br>
<dl>
<dt>Google:</dt><dd>The best thing since sliced bread</dd>
</dl>
<hr>
Centered:<br><center>
Time present and time past<br>
Are both perhaps present in time future,<br>
And time future contained in time past.<br>
If all time is eternally present<br>
All time is unredeemable.<br>
</center>
<hr>
Block Quote:
<br>
<blockquote>
We shall not cease from exploration<br>
And the end of all our exploring<br>
Will be to arrive where we started<br>
And know the place for the first time.<br>
<i>-- T.S. Eliot</i>
</blockquote>
<br>
<hr>
Headings:<br>
<h1>Header 1</h1>
<h2>Header 2</h2>
<h3>Header 3</h3>
<h3>Header 4</h4>
<h3>Header 5</h5>
<hr>
Images:<br>
<i>Remote image</i><br>
<img src="//developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/googleSample.png"><br>
<i>Scaled image</i><br>
<img src="//developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/googleSample.png" width=100><br>
<hr>
Simple Tables:<br>
<table border="1" padding="1">
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr>
<tr><td>a</td><td>b</td><td>c</td><td>d</td><td>e</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
[Did you notice that double-clicking on the placemark doesn't cause the viewer to take you anywhere? This is because it is possible to directly author a "placeless placemark". If you look at the code for this example, you will see that it has neither a point coordinate nor a LookAt element.]]]></description>
      </Placemark>
    </Folder>
    <Folder>
      <name>Ground Overlays</name>
      <visibility>0</visibility>
      <description>Examples of ground overlays</description>
      <GroundOverlay>
        <name>Large-scale overlay on terrain</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Overlay shows Mount Etna erupting on July 13th, 2001.</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>15.02468937557116</longitude>
          <latitude>37.67395167941667</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-16.5581842842829</heading>
          <tilt>58.31228652890705</tilt>
          <range>30350.36838438907</range>
        </LookAt>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/etna.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <LatLonBox>
          <north>37.91904192681665</north>
          <south>37.46543388598137</south>
          <east>15.35832653742206</east>
          <west>14.60128369746704</west>
          <rotation>-0.1556640799496235</rotation>
        </LatLonBox>
      </GroundOverlay>
    </Folder>
    <Folder>
      <name>Screen Overlays</name>
      <visibility>0</visibility>
      <description>Screen overlays have to be authored directly in KML. These
        examples illustrate absolute and dynamic positioning in screen space.</description>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Simple crosshairs</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>This screen overlay uses fractional positioning to put the
          image in the exact center of the screen</description>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/crosshairs.png</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="0.5" y="0.5" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="0.5" y="0.5" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0.5" y="0.5" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="0" xunits="pixels" yunits="pixels"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Absolute Positioning: Top left</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/top_left.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="0" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="0" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Absolute Positioning: Top right</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/top_right.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="1" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="1" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Absolute Positioning: Bottom left</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/bottom_left.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="0" y="-1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Absolute Positioning: Bottom right</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/bottom_right.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="1" y="-1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="1" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Dynamic Positioning: Top of screen</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/dynamic_screenoverlay.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="0" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="0" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="1" y="0.2" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
      <ScreenOverlay>
        <name>Dynamic Positioning: Right of screen</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <Icon>
          <href>http://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/images/dynamic_right.jpg</href>
        </Icon>
        <overlayXY x="1" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <screenXY x="1" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <rotationXY x="0" y="0" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
        <size x="0" y="1" xunits="fraction" yunits="fraction"/>
      </ScreenOverlay>
    </Folder>
    <Folder>
      <name>Paths</name>
      <visibility>0</visibility>
      <description>Examples of paths. Note that the tessellate tag is by default
        set to 0. If you want to create tessellated lines, they must be authored
        (or edited) directly in KML.</description>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Tessellated</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description><![CDATA[If the <tessellate> tag has a value of 1, the line will contour to the underlying terrain]]></description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.0822680013139</longitude>
          <latitude>36.09825589333556</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>103.8120432044965</heading>
          <tilt>62.04855796276328</tilt>
          <range>2889.145007690472</range>
        </LookAt>
        <LineString>
          <tessellate>1</tessellate>
          <coordinates> -112.0814237830345,36.10677870477137,0
            -112.0870267752693,36.0905099328766,0 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Untessellated</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description><![CDATA[If the <tessellate> tag has a value of 0, the line follow a simple straight-line path from point to point]]></description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.0822680013139</longitude>
          <latitude>36.09825589333556</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>103.8120432044965</heading>
          <tilt>62.04855796276328</tilt>
          <range>2889.145007690472</range>
        </LookAt>
        <LineString>
          <tessellate>0</tessellate>
          <coordinates> -112.080622229595,36.10673460007995,0
            -112.085242575315,36.09049598612422,0 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Absolute</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Transparent purple line</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.2719329043177</longitude>
          <latitude>36.08890633450894</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-106.8161545998597</heading>
          <tilt>44.60763714063257</tilt>
          <range>2569.386744398339</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#transPurpleLineGreenPoly</styleUrl>
        <LineString>
          <tessellate>1</tessellate>
          <altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates> -112.265654928602,36.09447672602546,2357
            -112.2660384528238,36.09342608838671,2357
            -112.2668139013453,36.09251058776881,2357
            -112.2677826834445,36.09189827357996,2357
            -112.2688557510952,36.0913137941187,2357
            -112.2694810717219,36.0903677207521,2357
            -112.2695268555611,36.08932171487285,2357
            -112.2690144567276,36.08850916060472,2357
            -112.2681528815339,36.08753813597956,2357
            -112.2670588176031,36.08682685262568,2357
            -112.2657374587321,36.08646312301303,2357 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Absolute Extruded</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Transparent green wall with yellow outlines</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.2643334742529</longitude>
          <latitude>36.08563154742419</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-125.7518698668815</heading>
          <tilt>44.61038665812578</tilt>
          <range>4451.842204068102</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#yellowLineGreenPoly</styleUrl>
        <LineString>
          <extrude>1</extrude>
          <tessellate>1</tessellate>
          <altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates> -112.2550785337791,36.07954952145647,2357
            -112.2549277039738,36.08117083492122,2357
            -112.2552505069063,36.08260761307279,2357
            -112.2564540158376,36.08395660588506,2357
            -112.2580238976449,36.08511401044813,2357
            -112.2595218489022,36.08584355239394,2357
            -112.2608216347552,36.08612634548589,2357
            -112.262073428656,36.08626019085147,2357
            -112.2633204928495,36.08621519860091,2357
            -112.2644963846444,36.08627897945274,2357
            -112.2656969554589,36.08649599090644,2357 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Relative</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Black line (10 pixels wide), height tracks terrain</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.2580438551384</longitude>
          <latitude>36.1072674824385</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>4.947421249553717</heading>
          <tilt>44.61324882043339</tilt>
          <range>2927.61105910266</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#thickBlackLine</styleUrl>
        <LineString>
          <tessellate>1</tessellate>
          <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates> -112.2532845153347,36.09886943729116,645
            -112.2540466121145,36.09919570465255,645
            -112.254734666947,36.09984998366178,645
            -112.255493345654,36.10051310621746,645
            -112.2563157098468,36.10108441943419,645
            -112.2568033076439,36.10159722088088,645
            -112.257494011321,36.10204323542867,645
            -112.2584106072308,36.10229131995655,645
            -112.2596588987972,36.10240001286358,645
            -112.2610581199487,36.10213176873407,645
            -112.2626285262793,36.10157011437219,645 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
      <Placemark>
        <name>Relative Extruded</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Opaque blue walls with red outline, height tracks terrain</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.2683594333433</longitude>
          <latitude>36.09884362144909</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-72.24271551768405</heading>
          <tilt>44.60855445139561</tilt>
          <range>2184.193522571467</range>
        </LookAt>
        <styleUrl>#redLineBluePoly</styleUrl>
        <LineString>
          <extrude>1</extrude>
          <tessellate>1</tessellate>
          <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
          <coordinates> -112.2656634181359,36.09445214722695,630
            -112.2652238941097,36.09520916122063,630
            -112.2645079986395,36.09580763864907,630
            -112.2638827428817,36.09628572284063,630
            -112.2635746835406,36.09679275951239,630
            -112.2635711822407,36.09740038871899,630
            -112.2640296531825,36.09804913435539,630
            -112.264327720538,36.09880337400301,630
            -112.2642436562271,36.09963644790288,630
            -112.2639148687042,36.10055381117246,630
            -112.2626894973474,36.10149062823369,630 </coordinates>
        </LineString>
      </Placemark>
    </Folder>
    <Folder>
      <name>Polygons</name>
      <visibility>0</visibility>
      <description>Examples of polygon shapes</description>
      <Folder>
        <name>Google Campus</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>A collection showing how easy it is to create 3-dimensional
          buildings</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-122.084120030116</longitude>
          <latitude>37.42174011925477</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-34.82469740081282</heading>
          <tilt>53.454348562403</tilt>
          <range>276.7870053764046</range>
        </LookAt>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Building 40</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transRedPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -122.0848938459612,37.42257124044786,17
                  -122.0849580979198,37.42211922626856,17
                  -122.0847469573047,37.42207183952619,17
                  -122.0845725380962,37.42209006729676,17
                  -122.0845954886723,37.42215932700895,17
                  -122.0838521118269,37.42227278564371,17
                  -122.083792243335,37.42203539112084,17
                  -122.0835076656616,37.42209006957106,17
                  -122.0834709464152,37.42200987395161,17
                  -122.0831221085748,37.4221046494946,17
                  -122.0829247374572,37.42226503990386,17
                  -122.0829339169385,37.42231242843094,17
                  -122.0833837359737,37.42225046087618,17
                  -122.0833607854248,37.42234159228745,17
                  -122.0834204551642,37.42237075460644,17
                  -122.083659133885,37.42251292011001,17
                  -122.0839758438952,37.42265873093781,17
                  -122.0842374743331,37.42265143972521,17
                  -122.0845036949503,37.4226514386435,17
                  -122.0848020460801,37.42261133916315,17
                  -122.0847882750515,37.42256395055121,17
                  -122.0848938459612,37.42257124044786,17 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Building 41</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transBluePoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -122.0857412771483,37.42227033155257,17
                  -122.0858169768481,37.42231408832346,17
                  -122.085852582875,37.42230337469744,17
                  -122.0858799945639,37.42225686138789,17
                  -122.0858860101409,37.4222311076138,17
                  -122.0858069157288,37.42220250173855,17
                  -122.0858379542653,37.42214027058678,17
                  -122.0856732640519,37.42208690214408,17
                  -122.0856022926407,37.42214885429042,17
                  -122.0855902778436,37.422128290487,17
                  -122.0855841672237,37.42208171967246,17
                  -122.0854852065741,37.42210455874995,17
                  -122.0855067264352,37.42214267949824,17
                  -122.0854430712915,37.42212783846172,17
                  -122.0850990714904,37.42251282407603,17
                  -122.0856769818632,37.42281815323651,17
                  -122.0860162273783,37.42244918858722,17
                  -122.0857260327004,37.42229239604253,17
                  -122.0857412771483,37.42227033155257,17 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Building 42</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transGreenPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -122.0857862287242,37.42136208886969,25
                  -122.0857312990603,37.42136935989481,25
                  -122.0857312992918,37.42140934910903,25
                  -122.0856077073679,37.42138390166565,25
                  -122.0855802426516,37.42137299550869,25
                  -122.0852186221971,37.42137299504316,25
                  -122.0852277765639,37.42161656508265,25
                  -122.0852598189347,37.42160565894403,25
                  -122.0852598185499,37.42168200156,25
                  -122.0852369311478,37.42170017860346,25
                  -122.0852643957828,37.42176197982575,25
                  -122.0853239032746,37.42176198013907,25
                  -122.0853559454324,37.421852864452,25
                  -122.0854108752463,37.42188921823734,25
                  -122.0854795379357,37.42189285337048,25
                  -122.0855436229819,37.42188921797546,25
                  -122.0856260178042,37.42186013499926,25
                  -122.085937287963,37.42186013453605,25
                  -122.0859428718666,37.42160898590042,25
                  -122.0859655469861,37.42157992759144,25
                  -122.0858640462341,37.42147115002957,25
                  -122.0858548911215,37.42140571326184,25
                  -122.0858091162768,37.4214057134039,25
                  -122.0857862287242,37.42136208886969,25 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Building 43</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transYellowPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -122.0844371128284,37.42177253003091,19
                  -122.0845118855746,37.42191111542896,19
                  -122.0850470999805,37.42178755121535,19
                  -122.0850719913391,37.42143663023161,19
                  -122.084916406232,37.42137237822116,19
                  -122.0842193868167,37.42137237801626,19
                  -122.08421938659,37.42147617161496,19
                  -122.0838086419991,37.4214613409357,19
                  -122.0837899728564,37.42131306410796,19
                  -122.0832796534698,37.42129328840593,19
                  -122.0832609819207,37.42139213944298,19
                  -122.0829373621737,37.42137236399876,19
                  -122.0829062425667,37.42151569778871,19
                  -122.0828502269665,37.42176282576465,19
                  -122.0829435788635,37.42176776969635,19
                  -122.083217411188,37.42179248552686,19
                  -122.0835970430103,37.4217480074456,19
                  -122.0839455556771,37.42169364237603,19
                  -122.0840077894637,37.42176283815853,19
                  -122.084113587521,37.42174801104392,19
                  -122.0840762473784,37.42171341292375,19
                  -122.0841447047739,37.42167881534569,19
                  -122.084144704223,37.42181720660197,19
                  -122.0842503333074,37.4218170700446,19
                  -122.0844371128284,37.42177253003091,19 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
      </Folder>
      <Folder>
        <name>Extruded Polygon</name>
        <description>A simple way to model a building</description>
        <Placemark>
          <name>The Pentagon</name>
          <LookAt>
            <longitude>-77.05580139178142</longitude>
            <latitude>38.870832443487</latitude>
            <heading>59.88865561738225</heading>
            <tilt>48.09646074797388</tilt>
            <range>742.0552506670548</range>
          </LookAt>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100
                  -77.05465973756702,38.87291016281703,100
                  -77.05315536854791,38.87053267794386,100
                  -77.05552622493516,38.868757801256,100
                  -77.05844056290393,38.86996206506943,100
                  -77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
            <innerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100
                  -77.05542625960818,38.87167890344077,100
                  -77.05485125901024,38.87076535397792,100
                  -77.05577677433152,38.87008686581446,100
                  -77.05691162017543,38.87054446963351,100
                  -77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </innerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
      </Folder>
      <Folder>
        <name>Absolute and Relative</name>
        <visibility>0</visibility>
        <description>Four structures whose roofs meet exactly. Turn on/off
          terrain to see the difference between relative and absolute
          positioning.</description>
        <LookAt>
          <longitude>-112.3348969157552</longitude>
          <latitude>36.14845533214919</latitude>
          <altitude>0</altitude>
          <heading>-86.91235037566909</heading>
          <tilt>49.30695423894192</tilt>
          <range>990.6761201087104</range>
        </LookAt>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Absolute</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transBluePoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <tessellate>1</tessellate>
            <altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -112.3372510731295,36.14888505105317,1784
                  -112.3356128688403,36.14781540589019,1784
                  -112.3368169371048,36.14658677734382,1784
                  -112.3384408457543,36.14762778914076,1784
                  -112.3372510731295,36.14888505105317,1784 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Absolute Extruded</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <styleUrl>#transRedPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <tessellate>1</tessellate>
            <altitudeMode>absolute</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -112.3396586818843,36.14637618647505,1784
                  -112.3380597654315,36.14531751871353,1784
                  -112.3368254237788,36.14659596244607,1784
                  -112.3384555043203,36.14762621763982,1784
                  -112.3396586818843,36.14637618647505,1784 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Relative</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <LookAt>
            <longitude>-112.3350152490417</longitude>
            <latitude>36.14943123077423</latitude>
            <altitude>0</altitude>
            <heading>-118.9214100848499</heading>
            <tilt>37.92486261093203</tilt>
            <range>345.5169113679813</range>
          </LookAt>
          <styleUrl>#transGreenPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <tessellate>1</tessellate>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -112.3349463145932,36.14988705767721,100
                  -112.3354019540677,36.14941108398372,100
                  -112.3344428289146,36.14878490381308,100
                  -112.3331289492913,36.14780840132443,100
                  -112.3317019516947,36.14680755678357,100
                  -112.331131440106,36.1474173426228,100
                  -112.332616324338,36.14845453364654,100
                  -112.3339876620524,36.14926570522069,100
                  -112.3349463145932,36.14988705767721,100 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
        <Placemark>
          <name>Relative Extruded</name>
          <visibility>0</visibility>
          <LookAt>
            <longitude>-112.3351587892382</longitude>
            <latitude>36.14979247129029</latitude>
            <altitude>0</altitude>
            <heading>-55.42811560891606</heading>
            <tilt>56.10280503739589</tilt>
            <range>401.0997279712519</range>
          </LookAt>
          <styleUrl>#transYellowPoly</styleUrl>
          <Polygon>
            <extrude>1</extrude>
            <tessellate>1</tessellate>
            <altitudeMode>relativeToGround</altitudeMode>
            <outerBoundaryIs>
              <LinearRing>
                <coordinates> -112.3348783983763,36.1514008468736,100
                  -112.3372535345629,36.14888517553886,100
                  -112.3356068927954,36.14781612679284,100
                  -112.3350034807972,36.14846469024177,100
                  -112.3358353861232,36.1489624162954,100
                  -112.3345888301373,36.15026229372507,100
                  -112.3337937856278,36.14978096026463,100
                  -112.3331798208424,36.1504472788618,100
                  -112.3348783983763,36.1514008468736,100 </coordinates>
              </LinearRing>
            </outerBoundaryIs>
          </Polygon>
        </Placemark>
      </Folder>
    </Folder>
  </Document>
</kml>

The following is the resulting CSV after running the above code snippet (new CSV file: 'my_file.csv'):

36.10677870477137,-112.0814237830345,36.0905099328766,-112.0870267752693
36.10673460007995,-112.080622229595,36.09049598612422,-112.085242575315
36.09447672602546,-112.265654928602,36.09342608838671,-112.2660384528238,36.09251058776881,-112.2668139013453,36.09189827357996,-112.2677826834445,36.0913137941187,-112.2688557510952,36.0903677207521,-112.2694810717219,36.08932171487285,-112.2695268555611,36.08850916060472,-112.2690144567276,36.08753813597956,-112.2681528815339,36.08682685262568,-112.2670588176031,36.08646312301303,-112.2657374587321
36.07954952145647,-112.2550785337791,36.08117083492122,-112.2549277039738,36.08260761307279,-112.2552505069063,36.08395660588506,-112.2564540158376,36.08511401044813,-112.2580238976449,36.08584355239394,-112.2595218489022,36.08612634548589,-112.2608216347552,36.08626019085147,-112.262073428656,36.08621519860091,-112.2633204928495,36.08627897945274,-112.2644963846444,36.08649599090644,-112.2656969554589
36.09886943729116,-112.2532845153347,36.09919570465255,-112.2540466121145,36.09984998366178,-112.254734666947,36.10051310621746,-112.255493345654,36.10108441943419,-112.2563157098468,36.10159722088088,-112.2568033076439,36.10204323542867,-112.257494011321,36.10229131995655,-112.2584106072308,36.10240001286358,-112.2596588987972,36.10213176873407,-112.2610581199487,36.10157011437219,-112.2626285262793
36.09445214722695,-112.2656634181359,36.09520916122063,-112.2652238941097,36.09580763864907,-112.2645079986395,36.09628572284063,-112.2638827428817,36.09679275951239,-112.2635746835406,36.09740038871899,-112.2635711822407,36.09804913435539,-112.2640296531825,36.09880337400301,-112.264327720538,36.09963644790288,-112.2642436562271,36.10055381117246,-112.2639148687042,36.10149062823369,-112.2626894973474
37.42257124044786,-122.0848938459612,37.42211922626856,-122.0849580979198,37.42207183952619,-122.0847469573047,37.42209006729676,-122.0845725380962,37.42215932700895,-122.0845954886723,37.42227278564371,-122.0838521118269,37.42203539112084,-122.083792243335,37.42209006957106,-122.0835076656616,37.42200987395161,-122.0834709464152,37.4221046494946,-122.0831221085748,37.42226503990386,-122.0829247374572,37.42231242843094,-122.0829339169385,37.42225046087618,-122.0833837359737,37.42234159228745,-122.0833607854248,37.42237075460644,-122.0834204551642,37.42251292011001,-122.083659133885,37.42265873093781,-122.0839758438952,37.42265143972521,-122.0842374743331,37.4226514386435,-122.0845036949503,37.42261133916315,-122.0848020460801,37.42256395055121,-122.0847882750515,37.42257124044786,-122.0848938459612
37.42227033155257,-122.0857412771483,37.42231408832346,-122.0858169768481,37.42230337469744,-122.085852582875,37.42225686138789,-122.0858799945639,37.4222311076138,-122.0858860101409,37.42220250173855,-122.0858069157288,37.42214027058678,-122.0858379542653,37.42208690214408,-122.0856732640519,37.42214885429042,-122.0856022926407,37.422128290487,-122.0855902778436,37.42208171967246,-122.0855841672237,37.42210455874995,-122.0854852065741,37.42214267949824,-122.0855067264352,37.42212783846172,-122.0854430712915,37.42251282407603,-122.0850990714904,37.42281815323651,-122.0856769818632,37.42244918858722,-122.0860162273783,37.42229239604253,-122.0857260327004,37.42227033155257,-122.0857412771483
37.42136208886969,-122.0857862287242,37.42136935989481,-122.0857312990603,37.42140934910903,-122.0857312992918,37.42138390166565,-122.0856077073679,37.42137299550869,-122.0855802426516,37.42137299504316,-122.0852186221971,37.42161656508265,-122.0852277765639,37.42160565894403,-122.0852598189347,37.42168200156,-122.0852598185499,37.42170017860346,-122.0852369311478,37.42176197982575,-122.0852643957828,37.42176198013907,-122.0853239032746,37.421852864452,-122.0853559454324,37.42188921823734,-122.0854108752463,37.42189285337048,-122.0854795379357,37.42188921797546,-122.0855436229819,37.42186013499926,-122.0856260178042,37.42186013453605,-122.085937287963,37.42160898590042,-122.0859428718666,37.42157992759144,-122.0859655469861,37.42147115002957,-122.0858640462341,37.42140571326184,-122.0858548911215,37.4214057134039,-122.0858091162768,37.42136208886969,-122.0857862287242
37.42177253003091,-122.0844371128284,37.42191111542896,-122.0845118855746,37.42178755121535,-122.0850470999805,37.42143663023161,-122.0850719913391,37.42137237822116,-122.084916406232,37.42137237801626,-122.0842193868167,37.42147617161496,-122.08421938659,37.4214613409357,-122.0838086419991,37.42131306410796,-122.0837899728564,37.42129328840593,-122.0832796534698,37.42139213944298,-122.0832609819207,37.42137236399876,-122.0829373621737,37.42151569778871,-122.0829062425667,37.42176282576465,-122.0828502269665,37.42176776969635,-122.0829435788635,37.42179248552686,-122.083217411188,37.4217480074456,-122.0835970430103,37.42169364237603,-122.0839455556771,37.42176283815853,-122.0840077894637,37.42174801104392,-122.084113587521,37.42171341292375,-122.0840762473784,37.42167881534569,-122.0841447047739,37.42181720660197,-122.084144704223,37.4218170700446,-122.0842503333074,37.42177253003091,-122.0844371128284
38.87253259892824,-77.05788457660967,38.87291016281703,-77.05465973756702,38.87053267794386,-77.05315536854791,38.868757801256,-77.05552622493516,38.86996206506943,-77.05844056290393,38.87253259892824,-77.05788457660967
38.87154239798456,-77.05668055019126,38.87167890344077,-77.05542625960818,38.87076535397792,-77.05485125901024,38.87008686581446,-77.05577677433152,38.87054446963351,-77.05691162017543,38.87154239798456,-77.05668055019126
36.14888505105317,-112.3372510731295,36.14781540589019,-112.3356128688403,36.14658677734382,-112.3368169371048,36.14762778914076,-112.3384408457543,36.14888505105317,-112.3372510731295
36.14637618647505,-112.3396586818843,36.14531751871353,-112.3380597654315,36.14659596244607,-112.3368254237788,36.14762621763982,-112.3384555043203,36.14637618647505,-112.3396586818843
36.14988705767721,-112.3349463145932,36.14941108398372,-112.3354019540677,36.14878490381308,-112.3344428289146,36.14780840132443,-112.3331289492913,36.14680755678357,-112.3317019516947,36.1474173426228,-112.331131440106,36.14845453364654,-112.332616324338,36.14926570522069,-112.3339876620524,36.14988705767721,-112.3349463145932
36.1514008468736,-112.3348783983763,36.14888517553886,-112.3372535345629,36.14781612679284,-112.3356068927954,36.14846469024177,-112.3350034807972,36.1489624162954,-112.3358353861232,36.15026229372507,-112.3345888301373,36.14978096026463,-112.3337937856278,36.1504472788618,-112.3331798208424,36.1514008468736,-112.3348783983763

How to Convert KMZ to CSV in Python?

Files in the KML format are often packaged and distributed as KMZ files with the suffix .kmz.

KMZ files are zipped KML files with a special format for the content: a single root KML document named doc.kml. It has all additional files such as images and icons and 3D models located in the zip folder as well.

To convert a KMZ file to a CSV, you can unzip it and convert the root KML file to a .csv file in Python by using the BeautifulSoup and the csv libraries. You use the former to read the XML-structured KML file and the latter to write the CSV file row by row.

The remaining (non-CSV) contents of the zip folder, such as images, can hardly be converted to a CSV anyways.

See the code above for the KML to CSV conversion.

The post Python – How to Convert KML to CSV? appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.

In today’s professional marketplace, it is useful to be able to change an XML file into other formats, specifically dictionaries, CSV, JSON, and dataframes according to specific needs.

In this article, we will discuss that process.

Scraping XML with BeautifulSoup

Extensible Markup Language or XML differs from HTML in that HTML primarily deals with how information is displayed on a webpage, and XML handles how data is stored and transmitted. XML also uses custom tags and is designed to be user and machine-readable.

When inspecting a webpage, a statement at the top of the page will denote what type of file you are viewing.

For an XML file, you may see <?xml version="1.0"?>.

As a side note, “version 1.0” is a little deceiving in that several modifications have been made since its inception in 1998 the name has just not changed.

Despite the differences between HTML and XML, because BeautifulSoup creates a Python object tree, it can be used to parse both. The process for parsing both is similar. For this article, I will be using a sample XML file from w3 schools.com.

Import the BeautifulSoup library and requests modules to scrape this file.

# Import needed libraries
from pprint import pprint
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

Once these have been imported, request the content of the webpage.

# Request data
webpage = requests.get("https://www.w3schools.com/xml/cd_catalog.xml")
data = webpage.content
pprint(data)

At this point, I like to print just to make sure I am getting what I need. I use the pprint() function to make it more readable.

Next, create a BeautifulSoup object and declare the parser to be used. Because it is an XML file, use an XML parser.

# Create a BeautifulSoup object
soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'xml')
print(soup.prettify())

With that printed, you can see the object tree created by BeautifulSoup. The parent, “<CATALOG>”, its child “<CD>”, and all of the children of “CD” are displayed.

Output of the first CD:

<CATALOG>
<CD>
<TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE>
<ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST>
<COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY>
<COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY>
<PRICE>10.90</PRICE>
<YEAR>1985</YEAR>
</CD>

All left is to scrape the desired data and display it.

Using the enumerate() and find_all() function each occurrence of a tag can be found, and its contents can be placed into a list.

After that, using a for loop, unpack the created lists, and create groupings. The .text attribute string and strip() function gives only the text and removes the white space.

Just for readability, print a blank line after each grouping.

# Scrape data
parent = soup.find('CATALOG')
for n, tag in enumerate(parent.find_all('CD')):
    title = [x for x in tag.find_all('TITLE')]
    artist = [x for x in tag.find_all('ARTIST')]
    country = [x for x in tag.find_all('COUNTRY')]
    company = [x for x in tag.find_all('COMPANY')]
    price = [x for x in tag.find_all('PRICE')]
    year = [x for x in tag.find_all('YEAR')]
    # view data
    for item in title:
        print('Title: ', item.text.strip())
    for item in artist:
        print('Artist: ', item.text.strip())
    for item in country:
        print('Country: ', item.text.strip())
    for item in company:
        print('Company: ', item.text.strip())
    for item in price:
        print('Price: ', item.text.strip())
    for item in year:
        print('Year: ', item.text.strip())
    print()

With that, the CDs should be cataloged in this format.

Title:  Empire Burlesque
Artist:  Bob Dylan
Country:  USA
Company:  Columbia
Price:  10.90
Year:  1985 

XML to Dictionary

Besides lists, dictionaries are a common structure for storing data in Python.

Information is stored in key: value pairs. Those pairs are stored within curly {} brackets.

Example: capital = {Pennsylvania: Harrisburg, Michigan: Lansing}

The key of the pair is case-sensitive and unique. The value can be any data type and may be duplicated.

Accessing the value of the pair can be done via the Key. Since the key cannot be duplicated, finding a value in a large dictionary is easy so long as you know the key. A key list can be obtained using the keys() method.

Example: print(capital.keys())

Finding information in a dictionary is quick since you only search for a specific key.

Dictionaries are used quite often, if memory usage is not a concern, because of the quick access. For this reason, it is important to know how to convert information gained in an XML file to a dictionary.

There are six basic steps to convert an XML to a dictionary:

1. import xmltodict
2. import pprint
3. with open('C:\Users\Jordan Marshall\Downloads\cd_catalog.xml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
   • cd_xml = file.read()
4. cd_dict = xmltodict.parse(cd_xml)
5. cd_dict_list = [dict(x) for x in cd_dict['CATALOG']['CD']]
6. pprint.pprint(cd_dict_list)

First, for the conversion, Python has a built-in called xmltodict. So first import that module and any other modules to be used.

import xmltodict
import pprint

Second, the file needs to be opened, read, and assigned to a variable.

with open('C:\\Users\\Jordan Marshall\\Downloads\\cd_catalog.xml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    cd_xml = file.read()

Third, using xmltodict.parse() convert the XML file to a dictionary and view it.

cd_dict = xmltodict.parse(cd_xml)
cd_dict_list = [dict(x) for x in cd_dict['CATALOG']['CD']]
pprint.pprint(cd_dict_list)

The output of this is a nice clean list of dictionaries. To view all artists, a simple for loop can be used.

for item in cd_dict_list:
    print(item['ARTIST'])

XML to JSON

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. These files store data in key:value form like a Python dictionary. JSON files are used primarily to transmit data between web applications and servers.

Converting an XML file to a JSON file requires only a few lines of code. 

As always, import the needed libraries and modules.

import json
from pprint import pprint
import xmltodict

Again, you will see the use of xmltodict. Because of their similarities, first, convert the file to a dictionary and then later write it to a JSON file. The json_dumps() function is used to take in the XML data. That data will later be written to a JSON file.

with open('C:\\Users\\Jordan Marshall\\Downloads\\cd_catalog example.xml') as xml_file:
    data_dict = xmltodict.parse(xml_file.read())
    xml_file.close()
    json_data = json.dumps(data_dict)
    with open('data.json', 'w') as json_file:
        json_file.write(json_data)
        json_file.close()

Output:

('{"CATALOG": {"CD": [{"TITLE": "Empire Burlesque", "ARTIST": "Bob Dylan", '
 '"COUNTRY": "USA", "COMPANY": "Columbia", "PRICE": "10.90", "YEAR": "1985"}, '
 '{"TITLE": "Hide your heart", "ARTIST": "Bonnie Tyler", "COUNTRY": "UK", '
 '"COMPANY": "CBS Records", "PRICE": "9.90", "YEAR": "1988"}, {"TITLE": '
 '"Greatest Hits", "ARTIST": "Dolly Parton", "COUNTRY": "USA", "COMPANY": '
 '"RCA", "PRICE": "9.90", "YEAR": "1982"}, {"TITLE": "Still got the blues", '….)

The data that started as an XML file has now been written to a JSON file called json_data. 

XML to DataFrame

There are a couple of ways to achieve this goal.

Using Python’s ElementTree is one. I am, however, partial to Pandas.

Pandas is a great module for working with data, and it simplifies many daily tasks of a programmer and data scientist. I strongly suggest becoming familiar with this module.

For this code, use a combination of BeautifulSoup and Pandas.

Import the necessary libraries.

import pandas as pd
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

To display the output fully, display values may need to be altered. I am going to set the max number of columns as well as the display width. This will overwrite any default settings that may be in place.

Without doing this, you may find some of your columns are replaced by ‘…’ or the columns may be displayed under your first couple of columns.

# set max columns and display width
pd.set_option("display.max_columns", 10)
pd.set_option("display.width", 1000)

The width and columns can be changed according to your needs. With that completed, open and read the XML file. Store the contents in a variable.

xml_file = open('C:\\Users\\Jordan Marshall\\Downloads\\cd_catalog.xml', 'r')
contents = xml_file.read()

Next, create a BeautifulSoup object.

# BeautifulSoup object
soup = BeautifulSoup(contents, 'xml')

The next step is to extract the data and assign it to a variable. 

# Extract data and assign it to a variable
title = soup.find_all("TITLE")
artist = soup.find_all("ARTIST")
country = soup.find_all("COUNTRY")
company = soup.find_all("COMPANY")
price = soup.find_all("PRICE")
year = soup.find_all("YEAR")

Now a for loop can be used to extract the text.

Should data be added or removed at any time using the length of one of the variables removes the need to know from memory how many items are cataloged.

Place the text in an empty list.

# Text
cd_info = []
for i in range(0, len(title)):
    rows = [title[i].get_text(),
            artist[i].get_text(),
            country[i].get_text(),
            company[i].get_text(),
            price[i].get_text(),
            year[i].get_text()]
    cd_info.append(rows)

Lastly, create the data frame and name the columns.

# Create a dataframe with Pandas and print
df = pd.DataFrame(cd_info, columns=['Title', 'Artist ', '   Company', 'Country', '   Price', '   Year'])
print(df)

Output

            Title                  Artist              Country         Company      Price     Year
0           Empire Burlesque       Bob Dylan           USA             Columbia     10.90     1985
1           Hide your heart        Bonnie Tyler        UK              CBS Records  9.90      1988
2           Greatest Hits          Dolly Parton        USA             RCA          9.90      1982

A nice, neat table containing each CD’s data has been created.

XML to CSV

A CSV file or comma-separated values file contains plain text easily readable by the user. It can contain numbers and letters only and is used to exchange data between apps. CSV files can be opened by any editor.

For example, Microsoft Excel. Each line represents a new row of data. The comma represents a new column. Using the code from above the XML file can be converted to a CSV file with one new line.

catalog = df.to_csv('cd catalog.csv')

With that, go to files and search the C: drive for 'cd catalog.csv'. It will open in the default program used for spreadsheets. In this case Microsoft Excel.

Related Tutorial: How to Convert a KML to a CSV File in Python?

The post Python BeautifulSoup XML to Dict, JSON, DataFrame, CSV appeared first on Be on the Right Side of Change.