Now that weāve covered Thonny and MicroPython, itās time to get to know the components in your basic Raspberry Pi Pico kit.
š¤ Note: There is more than one kit out there, but it is this authorās opinion that the best value for beginners is the one from UCTRONICS. Most of them have similar components, but this one just happens to be my go-to and is the subject of this installment.
*If you have not yet read our previous installments on learning MicroPython for the Raspberry Pi Pico or Thonny, be sure you review those before moving beyond this short tutorial.
Alright, letās jump in! Hereās what the kit looks like:
First things first, though. Weāre going to start with the Pico itself. The main thing youāll need to know about it (at least for the purposes of doing experiments) is its pins.
Your Pico and Its Pins
Your Pico talks to hardware through a series of pins along both its edges. Most of these pins work as a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pin, meaning they can be programmed to act as either an input or an output and have no fixed purpose of their own.
- Some pins have extra features and alternative modes for communicating with more complicated hardware;
- Others have a fixed purpose, providing connections for things like power.
Raspberry Pi Picoās 40 pins are labeled on the underside of the board, with three also labeled with their numbers on the top of the board: Pin 1, Pin 2, and Pin 39.
These top labels help you remember how the numbering works: Pin 1 is at the top left as you look at the board from above with the micro USB port to the upper side, Pin 20 is the bottom left, Pin 21 the bottom right, and Pin 39 one below the top right with the unlabeled Pin 40 above it.
While you will generally use actual pin numbers when writing your code, we may reference some of them by their functions, as well.
As you can see, there are several different kinds of pins with different functions. Hereās a quick reference guide to help you remember:

Youāll learn more about these functions in later tutorials as we get into projects. For now, all you need to focus on is the basics. This is not meant to be an exhaustive electronics course. š
Other Electronic Components
Obviously, your Pico isnāt the only thing youāre going to need if youāre going to be conducting any experiments.
The other things are the components that your Picoās pins will be controlling. There are tons of components out there, but the cool thing about this kit is that these are useful regardless of how complicated your projects ultimately get – and if you have fun with these, I guarantee youāll start coming up with your own.
Breadboard
Anyway, letās start with the second most important component (well, besides the micro USB cord that connects the Pico to your computer) – your breadboard.
This little beauty makes life a WHOLE lot easier. This unit eliminates the need for a circuit board and soldering. Instead, you can just shove – ok, maybe not shove, but insert – wires and pins into the right spots and remove them as needed to do new projects. Hard to beat that!
Jumper Wires
Next are your jumper wires, which connect components to circuits on your breadboard and take the place of those little āwire trailsā you see on circuit boards.
That way, they arenāt permanent and can be moved as you see fit. They can also be used to lengthen wires or pins as needed.
To accomplish this, they come in 3 types – male-to-male (M2M), male-to-female (M2F), and of course F2F (can you guess?).
Momentary Switch
Next up, we have a push-button switch, or momentary switch. This doodad is exactly what it looks like – a button.
However, in this case, itās not the same as a latching switch, which stays depressed once you click it. This one only has to be held down to make it keep working.
Now this oneās going to shock you. Itās calledā¦ a light-emitting diode, or LED! I know, I know, youāve never heard of it, right? š
I donāt think I have to say much of anything about these, but I will make two points.
- First, not all LEDs are going to work with your Pico. 5V and 12V arenāt good, so if you decide to buy more, make sure you keep that in mind.
- Second, the two legs are different lengths. The long one is positive, and the short is negative.
When weāre running a current through stuff, we can sometimes run the risk of blowing them out, especially the LEDs. So how do we prevent that from happening?
Resistor
With resistors, of course! Now, there are a lot of resistors out there with different stripes on them to tell you the level of resistance they provide in a unit called ohms(šØ). Iām not going to get into that kind of detail here because it isnāt necessary for Pico jobs.
Suffice it to say that if you run out of resistors and want more, youāll be using little 330šØ guys.
Just one little note – yours might not be the same color, but the stripes will be. The ones I got in my kit are blue, but that doesnāt matter; 330šØ is 330šØ.
Piezoelectric Buzzer
Everyoneās favorite component to play with – well, as long as you have people in your place to annoy – is the piezoelectric buzzer. Oh, boy, this oneās fun! It does exactly what its name indicates, and it does it by vibrating two metal plates together when a current is run through it. Heh, heh.
Iām an avid guitar player, and I LOVE the electric guitar the most. Iām the heaviest of metal heads! Ok, maybe not that heavy. I only clock in at 5ā7ā and 140lb. Sorry – if youāre not an American reader, that aināt big. Martial arts has done me a lot of good in life. š¤£
Aaaaaaaanyway, there are at least two knobs on an electric guitar – one for volume, and one for tone.
Potentiometer
These both use potentiometers that can be used either as a variable resistor (with two legs connected) or a voltage divider (with all three wired up). In other words, one hookup controls ohms and the other controls volts. Iāll let you guess which version controls which function on the guitar.
Motion Detector
Ever tried to break into somebodyās house, but they had one of those pesky motion detectors that lit up the whole property and nearly got you busted? No? I guess thatās justā¦ a friendā¦ š³
Well, you get one of those peskyā¦ I meanā¦ cool motion detectors, too. Itās actually called a passive infrared sensor (PIR), and it makes things happen when you wave your hand in front of it. Better than a button? You be the judge.
Screen and Display
Last but not least (I love overused, trite cliches, donāt you?), we have a screen. Itās actually called an inter-integrated circuit or I2C display. It can show all kinds of nifty stuff from text to pictures. There are some fun things to do with this baby!
Obviously, there are other components you can get like motors, current sensors, reverse-LEDs, and a whole host of things. Some of them require special drivers and such, though, so they wouldnāt be considered basic. For the purposes of this series, we will be focusing on more basic components and projects before graduating to higher-level (and more expensive) experiments.
Keep Learning! š
Next time, weāll get into our first project. Itās pretty easy, but itās fun and totally worth it. I canāt wait to get started, so Iāll talk to you soon. Until then, try some more of the MicroPython I taught you before. Happy coding!