Problem Formulation
Given a Python loop and a logical condition. How to restart the loop if the condition is met?
for/while ...:
# ... loop body here ...
if condition:
# restart loop
Solution 1: Reset While Loop
The while loop checks a condition in order to determine whether the loop body should be executed or not. You can reset the condition to the initial value in order to effectively restart the loop.
In the following example, you use the loop condition i < 3 and increase the value of i in each loop iteration. You can reset the value of the loop variable to i = 0 to restart the loop as soon as the user types in 'r'.
i = 0
while i < 3:
print('i =', i) # loop body
# Restart loop logic
i = i + 1
if input() == 'r':
i = 0 # force restartYou use the Python built-in input() function to take the user input in each iteration and return it as a string.
Here’s one example run where the loop is not restarted because the user never used 'r' as an input (every other line is the user input, whereas the second line is the first user input line):
i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 carl
And here’s an example where the loop is restarted in the third iteration due to the 'r' user input:
i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 r i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 carl
In case you need a quick refresher on how to process user inputs, check out this tutorial:
Solution 2: Nested Restart Loop
An alternative to force a loop to restart if a certain condition is met is to embed the restart loop into an outer while loop to repeatedly execute it until an exit condition is met.
The following code shows how to do this in Python:
restart = True
while restart:
for i in range(3):
print('i =', i) # loop body
# Default: execute once
restart = False
# Restart loop logic (any restart condition):
if input() == 'r':
restart = True
break # force restart
We create a variable restart that is initially set to True. The outer loop will execute until the restart variable is set to False.
Now, you run the main loop that must be restarted potentially if a certain condition is met. The code uses the restart condition input() == 'r', so if the user types in the character 'r', the loop is restarted.
The restart is accomplished by setting the restart variable to True again, so the outer loop will run once again which means the whole inner for loop is restarted.
This whole cycle is repeated until the restart condition is never met. This automatically sets the restart variable to False which means the outer loop is not executed again, which means that the inner loop is not restarted.
Here’s one example run where the loop is not restarted because the user never used 'r' as an input:
i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 carl
And here’s an example where the loop is restarted in the third iteration due to the 'r' user input:
i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 r i = 0 alice i = 1 bob i = 2 carl
Where to Go From Here?
Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!
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