Syntax
object.__invert__(self)
Background Bitwise NOT ~
Python’s bitwise NOT operator ~x
inverts each bit from the binary representation of integer x
so that 0 becomes 1 and 1 becomes 0. This is semantically the same as calculating ~x == -x-1
. For example, the bitwise NOT expression ~0
becomes -1
, ~9
becomes -10
, and ~32
becomes -33
.
Example Custom __invert__()
class Data: def __invert__(self): return 'finxter' x = Data() print(~x) # finxter
TypeError: bad operand type for unary ~: ‘…’
class Data: pass x = Data() print(~x)
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\xcent\Desktop\code.py", line 7, in <module> print(~x) TypeError: bad operand type for unary ~: 'Data'
class Data: def __invert__(self): return 'finxter' x = Data() print(~x) # finxter
Where to Go From Here?
Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!
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While working as a researcher in distributed systems, Dr. Christian Mayer found his love for teaching computer science students.
To help students reach higher levels of Python success, he founded the programming education website Finxter.com that has taught exponential skills to millions of coders worldwide. He’s the author of the best-selling programming books Python One-Liners (NoStarch 2020), The Art of Clean Code (NoStarch 2022), and The Book of Dash (NoStarch 2022). Chris also coauthored the Coffee Break Python series of self-published books. He’s a computer science enthusiast, freelancer, and owner of one of the top 10 largest Python blogs worldwide.
His passions are writing, reading, and coding. But his greatest passion is to serve aspiring coders through Finxter and help them to boost their skills. You can join his free email academy here.