Problem: You use Python in a terminal and you want to replace a string 'example' in a text file file.txt:
xxxxx example xxxxx
Your goal is to accomplish the following text:
xxxxx replaced_example xxxxx
In particular, you want to open the file, replace the text, and rewrite the result into the file—all in a single line of Python code!
Can a Python one-liner accomplish this?
Answer: Yes! You can compress any Python script into a single line. For computer science nerds: the single line of Python code is Turing complete.
Let’s see how you can accomplish this task as a Python one-liner!
Method 1: Print to Standard Input
The first method is best if you want to replace all occurrences of "example" with "replaced_example" and print the result to the standard input.
python -c "print(open('file.txt').read().replace('example','replaced_example'))"The replace method replaces all occurrences of the first argument with the second argument. It returns the new string. You can now print the result to the stdin or write it back to a file.
Method 2: Print to File
The second method is best if you want to replace all occurrences of "example" with "replaced_example" and write the result to a new file "file2.txt".
python -c "print(open('file.txt').read().replace('example','replaced_example'), file=open('file2.txt', 'w'))"The replace method replaces all occurrences of the first argument with the second argument. It returns the new string. You can now print the result to the file with means of the file argument of the print function.
Method 3: exec()
You can always convert a multi-liner into a one-liner using the exec() function. Say, you have the following multiline script to replace all occurrences of a string in a file:
with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
s = f.read().replace('example', 'replaced_example')
with open('file.txt', 'w') as f:
f.write(s)You first open the file in read mode reading all its contents and creating the new string with replaced occurrences of the string 'example'. After that, you open the file in writing mode to overwrite its contents.
You use the exec() function to one-linerize this script:
exec("with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:\n s = f.read().replace('example', 'replaced_example')\nwith open('file.txt', 'w') as f:\n f.write(s)")All you did is to replace the new lines with the new line character \n. This resulting script is a not-so-concise one-liner to replace all contents of a given file!
Where to Go From Here?
Enough theory. Let’s get some practice!
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